非谓语动词ppt讲解

鹿泉市第一中学刘雪涛非谓语动词（非限定动词）一．包括动词不定式、动名词、和分词三.非限定动词具有动词的特征.可以有自己的宾语、状语。有语态和时态的变化。另外还有一些非动词的特征，相当于名词、形容词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用作的句子成分二.非限定动词在句中不能单独作谓语动词。不受主语的人称和数的限制。Helikestosing.Theyliketosing.Themanwalkinginfrontwascarryingabook.Themenwalkinginfrontwerecarryingbooks.非谓语动词主宾表定状宾补TododoingDoing\done∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨tododoingdoing(分词)tobedonebeingdonebeingdonetohavedonehavingdonehavingdonetohavebeendonehavingbeendonehavingbeendonetobedoingtohavebeendoing过去分词只有一种形式done既可以表被动也可以完成一.todo的用法1.作主语Totalkwithherisagreatpleasure.Tolearnfromothersisveryimportant.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithher.Itisveryimportanttolearnfromothers.2.作表语Herwishistobecomeafamoussinger.Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.3.作宾语Hewishestogoabroadtohaveafurtherstudy.Wehavedecidedtogivethemahand.4.作定语IwasthefirstwomantotravelaloneattheNorthpole.Shanghaiisthefirstcityintheworldtohavebuiltahigh—speedmaglevtrain.5.作状语（目的／结果）ButwhatshouldIdotocelebratemy60thbirthday?Tomakeasmuchuseofthelandaspossible,twoormorecropsareplantedAfewyearslaterhecamehometofindhishometownchanged.Ihurriedtothepostoffice,onlytofinditwasclosed.6.作宾补Whattheteachersaidencouragedustotryourbestatourwork.Herwonderfulcareerinspiresmanypeopletobelievesuccessiswithinreachforeveryone.todo在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补。二.动名词的用法Jiadidexperimentsandshowedthatplantingwheatcloseisbetter.Workinginacompanyismywish.Ｃhosingwhattoeatisnolongeraseasyasitoncewas.Makingeyecontact–lookingintosomeone’seyes-isawaytoshowinterest.1.作主语2.作宾语(动词/介词)IpreferwatchingTVandplayingcomputergames.SinceKwanzaaisatimeforlearningaswellasjoy,peoplecelebrateitbylightingacandleeachdayanddiscussingoneofthesevenprinciplesofKwanzaa.Theactorsmakesuslaughbymakingfunofsomebody’swayofdressingortellinganamusingstory.3.作表语Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”ismovingthehandincirclesoverthestomachafterameal.MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.4.作定语Eatinghabitsbecomepartofwhoweare.Theywanttogotothereadingroomthisafternoon.动名词（doing）在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。三.分词的用法(现在分词/过去分词)1.作表语(具有形容词的特征）Thisbookisveryinteresting.Thisplayisverymovingandinstructive.Thecupsarebroken./Heismarried.比较：Thespiritisinspiringthepeoplealloverthecountry.Hisreportisinspiring.2.作定语Oprahwinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.Itisaseven-dayfestivalcelebratingthecultureandhistoryofAfricanAmerican.Ａstherewasanothercarcomingintheotherdirection.Wealsomakechoicesbasedonhowtheproductsaregrownormade.Perhapsthebestexampleofuniversallyunderstoodbodylanguageisthesmile.3.作状语Lyingontheice,Iwouldsoondie.(时间)Istruggledtomyknees,knowingthatsomehowIhadtoputmytentupforshelter.(伴随)Hisparentsdied,leavinghimaorphan.(结果)HavingrealizedthatIcoulduseakitetoattractlightning,Idecidedtodoanexperiment.(分词的完成时态作时间状语).Heated,icebeginstomelt.Inspiredbythespiritofthehero,theyworkedevenharder.Pressingone’spalmstogetherandrestingone’sheadonthebackofone’shandwhileclosingtheeyesasifsleeping.means“Iamtired,”Whenaskedthequestion,Igaveaclearandexactanswer.Ifinvited,Iwillgotothepartytogetherwithyou.如果强调分词短语所表示的动作和主句动词所表示的动作同时发生。分词短语前用when、while。4.作宾补Othernutrientshelpkeepourbodyfunctioningwell.Withtheworkdone,wewentouttoplay.Wefoundthestudentsreadingoutside.Wefoundourhometowncompletelychanged.非谓语动词的否定式:“not+todo/doing/done”构成Notknowingwhattodo,heturnedtotheteacherforhelp.Shestartedearlysoasnottobelate.现在分词和过去分词的区别1.语态上不同anexcitingstory/anexcitedpersonamovingfilm/amovedaudiencealeadingcadre/anunknownheroatiringjourney/atiredfootballplayer分词在句中作表语、定语、状语、宾补。2.时间关系上不同developingcountries/developedcountriesthechangingworld/thechangedworldboilingwater/boiledwaterthefallingleaves/thefallenleaves非谓语动词主宾表定状宾补TododoingDoing\done∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨∨注意：１.todo和doing作主语和表语用法相同。表示泛指意义的行为时多用动名词（也可用todo）但表示具体的行为（特别是将来的行为）时，必须用todo。主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，两者在形式上应该一致。Seeingisbelieving。/Toseeistobelieve。Hishobbyiscollectingstamps。Herwishistobecomeasinger。Myjobisteaching=Teachingismyjob。分词作表语表示特性、状态。Thestoryisinteresting。（特性）Thenewsisexciting。（特性）Heisinterestedinthestory。（状态）Thecupisbroken。（状态）WearelearningEnglish.（动作）ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.（动作）2.动名词作宾语时,在意义上比较一般和抽象,时间观念不强,不指某一次动作。动词不定式作宾语常表示某个具体动作。Helikesswimming,buthedoesn’tliketoswimtoday.只能跟todo的动词want、wish、hope、expect、decide、agree、manage、promise、pretend只能跟动名词的动词enjoy、finish、mind、miss、avoid、risk、suggest、escape、practise、insiston、giveup二者皆可无区别begin、start、like、hate、prefer、continue、intend二者皆可但有区别stop、remember、forget、try、regret、mean3.动名词和现在分词作定语时的区别动名词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系，既它不是该名词的动作。现在分词作定语时,则和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系,它是该名词的动作.asleepingcarareadingroomdrinkingwateraswimmingpoolasleepingchildleadingcomradesadancinggirlthecomingweek=acarforsleeping=aroomforreading=waterfordrinking=apoolforswimming=achildwhoissleeping=Comradeswholead=agirlwhoisdancing=theweekthatiscoming4.动词不定式和分词作宾补tell(ask、want、order、get、advise、wouldlike、persuade）+sb+todosth五看三使役二听一感半帮助see、watch、look、observe、noticemake、let、havehear、listenfeelhelp用动词原形作宾补see、hear、feel、watchdodoingdoneIhearthemsingapopsongintheclassroom.Ihearthemsingingapopsong…Ihearapopsongsung…keep、leave、findhave、get+doing、done5.Todo在句中作目的状语或结果状语分词(doing/done)在句中作状语时表示时间、原因、方式和伴随。有时也表结果。Whenhewasread