简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题

1/7简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题英语句子成分的排列顺序与汉语不同。汉语放在前面的，英语可能要放在后面；而汉语放后面的，英语可能放在前面。即使是同样一句话，如果用词不同，句中的次序也会有变化。比如，“我每天骑自行车上学”，可以表达为Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday.也可以表达为Iridetoschooleveryday.如果用图表分析一下，我们会看得更清楚：这三个语句除了行为者I的位置没有变化外，其它都发生了变化，并且由于“上学”表达方式的不同，在句中的位置也发生了变化。句子成分详解一览表及巧记口诀句子成分意义及位置充当词类例句主语TheSubject表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前部。名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。WestudyinNo.17middleschool.JimisanAmericanboy.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.谓语ThePredicate说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。通常在主语后（除疑问、倒装句外）。由动词或动词词组充当。Timetriesallthing.(时间检验一切）Lucyisdancingunderthetree.Herparentsarebothworkers.宾语TheObject表示动作、行为的对象。在及物动词或介词后。同主语的充当词类Loveme,lovemydog.(爱屋及乌）ThesegirlslikeEnglish.Didyouseehimyesterday?表语ThePredicate与系动词连用，一起构成谓语部分、说明主语的性质、特征。常在系动词之后。同主语的充当词类Hisfatherisabusdriver.Mycariswhite.Wewereatschoolyesterday.Healthiswealth.(健康就是财富。）定语TheAttribute用来修饰名词或代词。单个词常在修饰的词前，短语或句子在被修饰的词之后。形、代、数、名、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语。Theredoneismine.Whatishisname?Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.(患难见真情。）状语TheAttribute修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。位置较灵活。通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。Ourteacherworksveryhard.SheoftenhelpsMike.TheyhadameetinginShanghai.宾语补足语TheObjectComplement宾语的补足语，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓”关系。在宾语后。由形容词、名词、介词短语等充当。WenamedthebabyLily.Shemadetheroomclean.同位语TheAppositive重复指代并进一步说明名词及名词性词语。在被修饰词后。名词、名词性短语、从句等。Theyallworkhard.John,afriendofhers,hasgone.我每天骑自行车上学。Igotoschoolbybikeeveryday.Iridetoschooleveryday.2/7句子成分学记口诀主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。简单句的五种基本句型英语是一种结构型的语言，以谓语动词为核心构成各种句型。为了帮助你掌握英语的句型，本节课我们一起来总结一下英语的基本句型。1.主语+不及物动词（+状语）状语主语不及物动词状语（In2003,)Thefirstbookcameoutin2003Wedidn'tgotothecinemayesterday.Lastweek,IwenttoGuilinformyholiday.2.主语+及物动词+宾语（+状语）状语主语及物动词宾语状语（Yesterday)Iboughtaverygoodbookyesterday.Myfatherlovespicturesofcars.EverymorningmymotherpreparesbreakfastformeHewroteabookinseniorhighschool.3.主语+系动词+表语（+状语）主语系动词表语状语句型种类主语谓语部分谓语动词表语宾语宾补1.S+Vi.主语+不及物动词Birdsfly.2.S+Vi.+O主语+及物动词+宾语Heplaysthepiano.3.S+V.+C主语+系动词+表语Weare(系动词）friends.4.S+Vt.+InO+Do主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Igavehimapen（间宾）（直宾）5.S+Vi.+O+Oc主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Tommademecry.3/7Thesebooksaregreat.Tomisveryhappytoday.4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（+状语）状语主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语状语Hishobbyhasbroughthimenjoyment.MyfatherboughtmeaverygoodbikeOnmybirthday.Lastweek,myauntsentmeaboxofchocolate.5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（+状语）巩固练习一．指出下面句子分别属于哪个句型。①Iwillspendthissummerholidayinthecountryside.②Inthemoderncity,therearesomeproblems,suchasairpollution,crowdnessandnoise.③InthecountrysideIcanenjoyacomfortableandquietlife.④There,theairisfreshandthewaterisclean.⑤Icanhearbirdssinginginthegreentrees.⑥Icanalsogoboating,fishing,andswimminginthelake.⑦Allthiswillbeinterestingandgoodformyhealth.⑧SoIwanttogotothecountrysideforachange.1.(S+V)_______________2.(S+V+O)_________________3.(S+V+C)____________________4.(S+V+IO+DO)_______________5.(S+V+O+C)__________________6.Therebe句型______________二．翻译题1.他昨天早上起床很晚。________________________________________________________2.那天晚上我们谈了很多。________________________________________________________主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语状语Wecanhelpyoudevelopnewskills.Idon'twantyoutoworktoohard.Thenewsmadeeveryonehappy.4/73.会议将持续两个小时。________________________________________________________4.昨晚我写了一封信。__________________________________________________________5.我父亲能流利地说英语。fluently__________________________________________________________6.你介意我开窗户吗？__________________________________________________________7.我的兄弟都是大学生。__________________________________________________________8.这本书是关于美国历史的书。__________________________________________________________9.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。nursery__________________________________________________________10.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。__________________________________________________________11.请把那本字典递给我好吗？dictionary_________________________________________________________12.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。_________________________________________________________13.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。consider__________________________________________________________14.我们把小偷释放了。set…free__________________________________________________________15.他叫我们参加做游戏。__________________________________________________________主系表结构+练习+中考真题主语+系动词+表语系动词：be动词，感官动词5/7主系表结构，其中系动词（link-verb）包括be动词和感官动词。be动词后可跟形容词，代词，名词，介词短语:Samissad.Thisismysister.Thesekeysareyours.Herpictureisonthewall.感官动词后多加形容词做表语。感官动词：feel/smell/look/taste/soundThebandsoundsgreat.Ifeelhappy.Thefoodsmellsterrible.Shelookssad.Thistastesgood.1介绍亲属关系Thisismysister.ThatisJin’sfriend.Theseareourcousins.ThoseareTom’sgrandparents.HeisJack’sfather.Sheisyourmother.Itisherlovelydog.TheyareTom’sbrothers.Iamhisaunt.Youareheruncle.WeareLucy’sparents.Theyaremybrothers.2识别人物IamTom.YouareJim.YouareTomandJim.WeareTom’sclassmates.HeisMike.SheisMike’scousin.It’sMike’scousin’scat.Theyareourparents.3介绍身份信息MyfirstnameisMike.HisgivennameisJack.HerlastnameisGreen.YourIDcardnumberis54321.OurfamilynameisSmith.ItsfullnameisTomSmith.Theirtelephonenumberis123456.4介绍所属关系Thisismypencil.Thatishisdictionary.Theseareourerasers.Thosearetheboys’schoolbags.Thisgreenpenismine.Thesekeysareyours.ThoseIDcardsaretheirs.Thosenewcomputergamesareours.Thebluebaseballishis.Theyellowpensarehers.6/7Thesenicering