现代物流专业英语1

中国水力水电出版社:logisticsRequirementsBytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeableto□understandthedefinitionoflogistics.□understandthehistoryoflogistics.1.1WhatIsLogisticsLogisticsistheprocessofstrategicallymanagingtheprocurement,movementandstorageofmaterials,partsandfinishedinventory(andtherelatedinformationflows)throughtheorganizationanditsmarketingchannelsinsuchawaythatcurrentandfutureprofitabilityaremaximizedthroughthecost-effectivefulfillmentoforders.WhatIsLogistics1.AsaprecursortotheGulfWarithadbeennecessaryfortheUnitedStatesanditsalliestomovehugeamountsofmaterialgreatdistancesinwhatwerethoughttobeimpossiblyshorttime-frames.SentenceExplanations2.HoweverwhiletheGeneralsandFieldMarshalsfromtheearliesttimeshaveunderstoodthecriticalroleoflogistics,strangelyitisonlyintherecentpastthatbusinessorganizationshavecometorecognizethevitalimpactthatlogisticsmanagementcanhaveintheachievementofcompetitiveadvantage.SentenceExplanations3.Failuretoco-ordinateanyoneoftheseactivitieswithitgroup-fellowsandalsowiththoseintheothergroup,orundueemphasisoroutlay-putuponanyoneoftheseactivities,iscertaintoupsettheequilibriumofforceswhichmeansefficientdistribution.SentenceExplanations如果与活动中任何一个部分以及其它部分不能相互协调，或者不恰当地重点强调整体活动中的任何一个部分，肯定会打乱有效率分销的均势因素。1.Whatisthelogistics?2.Howdoyoucomprehendthesentence“‘logistics’encompassesmuchmorethanjustthetransportationandwarehouse?”Questions1.2TheLogisticsofBusinessIsBigandImportantKeypoints:supplychain;competitiveadvantageDifficultpoints:competitiveadvantageRequirements：Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeabletounderstandtheimportanceofthelogisticstofirms.describetherelationshipbetweenlogisticsandfirms.Logisticsaddsvaluetothesupplychainprocesswheninventoryisstrategicallypositionedtoachievesales.Creatinglogisticsvalueiscostly.Althoughdifficulttomeasure,mostexpertsagreethattheannualexpendituretoperformlogisticsintheUnitedStateswasapproximately10.1percentofthe$9.96billionGrossNationProduct(GNP)or$1.006billion.Expenditurefortransportationin2000was$590billion,whichrepresented58.6percentoftotallogisticscost.AsfurtherillustratedinTable1.2.1,thelogisticsofbusinessistrulybigbusiness!TheLogisticsofBusinessIsBigandImportant1.Itisthroughthelogisticalprocessthatmaterialsflowintothemanufacturingcapacityofanindustrialnationandproductsaredistributedtoconsumers.SentenceExplanations2.Therecentgrowthglobalcommerceandtheintroductionofe-commercehaveexpandedthesizeofcomplexityoflogisticaloperations.SentenceExplanations近来全球商业的增长和电子商务的引入已经扩大了物流运营复杂性的程度。3.Insituationswheretimelycorrectiveactionisnotpossible,customerscanbeprovidedadvancenotificationofdevelopingproblems,therebyeliminatingthesurpriseofanunavoidableservicefailure.SentenceExplanations4.Inmanysituations,workingincollaborationwithcustomersandsuppliers,correctiveactioncanbetakentopreventoperationalshutdownsorcostlycustomerservicefailures.SentenceExplanations在很多情况下，和顾客和供应商一起合作，可以采取正确的行动来防止操作中的停滞或昂贵的顾客服务失败。5.Byperformingataboveindustryaveragewithrespecttoinventoryavailability,speedandconsistencyofdelivery,andoperationalefficiencies,logisticallysophisticatedfirmsareidealsupplychainpartners.SentenceExplanations关于存货有效性，送货的速度和一致性和操作效率方面要执行的比行业平均水平高，那么物流工作水平高的企业是理想的供应链合作伙伴。1.Discussthefunctionsofthelogistics.2.Givesomeexamplestoillustratetheimportanceofafirm’slogisticalactivities.3.Couldyouexplainhowafirmcanachievecompetitiveadvantagebyusinglogisticalcompetency?QuestionsKeypoints:supplychain;orderprocessing;inventory;transportation;warehousing;materialshandling;packaging;facilitynetworkDifficultpoints:logisticalvalueRequirements:Bytheendofthislesson,youshouldbeabletounderstandtheinterrelatednatureofthefiveareasoflogisticalwork.understandintegratedlogisticalmanagement.describethepersonalityofeveryfunctionalworkofthelogistics.1.3TheWorkofLogisticsTheWorkofLogisticsOrderprocessingFacilitynetworkInventoryWarehousingMaterialshandlingPackagingTransportation1.Thedecisionisbroaderthansimplyselectingafacilitytostoreinventorysincemanyvalue-addingactivitiesmaybeperformedduringthetimeproductsarewarehoused.SentenceExplanations因为许多产品的价值增值工作是在产品储存中完成的，所以，该决策要比简单地选择存放货物的设备要广泛的多。2.Examplesofsuchactivitiesaresorting,sequencing,orderselection,transportationconsolidation,and,insomecases,productmodificationandassembly.SentenceExplanations这些活动包括分拣、排序、订货选择、运输拼箱，有时还包括产品修改和组装。3.Wheneconomistsoriginallydiscussedsupply-and-demandrelationships,facilitylocationandtransportationcostdifferentialswereassumedeithernonexistentorequalamongcompetitors.SentenceExplanations4.Wheneffectivelyintegratedintoanenterprise'slogisticaloperations,warehousing,materialshandling,andpackagingfacilitatethespeedandoveralleaseofproductflowthroughoutthelogisticalsystem.SentenceExplanations对企业的物流操作、储藏、货物处理和包装进行有效地整合，有利于提高产品流转的速度和使产品在物流系统中更加顺畅地流动。1.Whatarethefiveareasoflogisticalwork?2