必修五unit5语法：从句中的省略

省略复合句中的省略•一、状语从句中的省略•由when，while，as,once，whenever引导的时间状语从句；或由if，unless引导的条件状语从句；由though，although，evenif，eventhough引导的让步状语从句；由asthough，asif，as引导的方式状语从句；由wherever引导的地点状语从句，若从句的主句是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构:①连词(as,asif,once+名词)Once(hewas)ateacher,henowworksinagovernmentoffice.②连词(though,whether,when)+形容词Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou’llregret.③连词(when,while,though)+现在分词While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.④连词(when,if,evenif,unless,once,until,than,as)+过去分词⑤连词(asif,asthough)+不定式Heopenedhismouthasif(hewere)tospeak.•高考链接：•1.Whenfirst________tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.•A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced•2.Unless________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.•A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvitedBA3.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif________whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee4.Generallyspeaking,________accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetakenDB•5.Unless________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.•A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited•6.When________,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted•AA7.Though________money,hisparentsman-agedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin8.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begunCD(2)当从句主语是It,谓语动词有含有系动词be时,可以把it系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词（if，unless,when，whenever）+形容词的结构。如：Unless（itis）necessary，you‘dbetternotrefertothedictionary.另外,我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容,此时可有if+so/not。Getupearlytomorrow.Ifnot(youdon’tgetupearly),youwillmisstheearlybus.Hemaynotbeathomethen,ifso(heisnotathome),leavehimanote.(3)在than或as…as引导的从句中,常含有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。Hehasmadegreaterprogressthan(hedid)before/ever.Hecamehomeearlierthan(hewas)expected.Sheworksashardasyoungpeople.•二、在限定性定语从句中•作宾语的关系代词that，which,whom可以省略；在以thesame...as和such...as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；theway后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，inwhich；在含被动语态的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，可以省略关系代词和be,省略之后,变成过去分词短语作定语。高考链接：9.—You'realwaysworking.Comeon,let'sgoshopping.—________youeverwanttodoisgoingshopping.A.AnythingB.SomethingC.AllD.That10.Isthisthereason________atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained•CA11.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatB.C.inthewayD.thewaywhich12.Itiseasytodotherepair.________youneedisahammerandsomenails.A.SomethingB.AllC.BothD.Everything13.That'sanunpleasantthingtosayaboutyourfatherafter________he'sdoneforyou.A.somethingB.anythingC.allD.thatAAC三、宾语从句中的省略1）由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去,只保留引导词。Pleasepassmeoneofthesebooks,Idon’tcarewhich(youpassme).2)在I’mafraid,Ithink,Ibelieve,Ihope,Iguess等开头的作答句中，后面跟so与not分别用于肯定或否定宾语是，宾语从句可省去。--Doyouthinkitwillrain?--Ihopenot(thatitwillnotrain).3.及物动词后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。Theysaid(that)shewasabeautifulgirlandthatshewasclever.不定式省略,单独使用不定式符号to①在expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish，afford等后面。如:Iaskedhimtoseethefilm，buthedidn’twantto.②在have,need,ought,begoing,used等后面。③在某些形容词pleased,glad,happy，eager，ready，willing等后面。--Willyoujointhegame?--I’dbegladto.④否定形式的省略用notto。如果不定式中含有be,have,havebeen,通常保留be,have,和havebeen。如:--Hehasn’tfinishedyet.--Well,heoughttohave.⑤在see，watch，hear，feel，observe，notice，listento等感官动词或短语及make，have，let等使役动词之后⑥can’t/couldn’thelpbutdosth.•只好做某事•（havenochoicebuttodosth.)–Haveyoueverbeentotheseaside?•--No,wecan’taffordto(gototheseaside).高考链接：14.Asyou'veneverbeentherebefore,I'llhavesomeone________youtheway.A.toshowB.showC.showingD.showed15.—I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?—Notatall,________.A.IhavenotimeB.I'drathernotC.I'dlikeitD.I'dbehappyto16.—DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGerman?—Yes,heintends________.A./B.toC.soD.that•BDB17.—WouldyouliketogototheGrandTheatrewithmetonight?—________.A.Yes,I'dliketogototheGrandTheatreB.I'dliketo,butIhaveanexamtomorrowC.No,Iwon'tD.That'sright18.—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.—Imeant________,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingtoBB在if引导的虚拟条件句中•在if引导的虚拟语气条件句中含有had，were，should时，可以把had，were，should放在句首，省略if。高考链接：19.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will20.________forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereC.HaditnotbeenD.IftheywerenotBC在否定结构中•由nor，neither等引导的连续否定的句子也是一种省略句，这种句子在意思上与前面的句子是相同的，而且主谓用倒装。•高考链接：•21.Ididn’tknowwhatwasonhismindatthetime,nordid________.•A.anyoneB.anyoneelseC.nooneD.nooneelse•22.Ofthemakingofgoodbooksthereisnoend;neither________anyendtotheirinfluenceonman'slives.•A.thereisB.thereareC.isthereD.arethere•BC23.—Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!—________.A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoIB