L01 Basic Knowledge of Translation

TranslationTheory&Practice覃江华[e-mail]tives:Basicideas,skills&methodsoftranslationContrastivestudiesofE&ClanguageandcultureTeachingPlan:Requirements：BeactiveinclassHandinyourassignmentsontimeEvaluation：–Classparticipation&presentation30%–Textualtranslationpractice20%–Finalexamination,50%推荐教材∆翻译技巧类：∆陈德彰：《英汉翻译入门》，外语教学与研究出版社，2012年第2版。∆连淑能：《英译汉教程》，高等教育出版社，2006年版。∆杨元刚：《新编汉英实用翻译教程》，华中师范大学出版社，2012年版。∆翻译理论类：∆谢天振：《当代国外翻译理论导读》，南开大学出版社，2008年版。∆刘军平、覃江华：《西方翻译理论名著选读》，武汉大学出版社，2012年版。Lecture1#Introduction:BasicKnowledgeofTranslationContents1.Theconceptoftranslation翻译的概念和性质2.Theclassificationoftranslation翻译的分类3.Thecriteriaoftranslation翻译的标准“翻译”的内涵1.朱生豪翻译了《罗密欧与朱丽叶》“翻译”1：theact/processoftranslating2.你看过那本书的翻译吗？“翻译”2：translatedtext---productoftranslation3.翻译课需要讲一些基本的翻译理论“翻译”3：thesubject/discipline4.林超伦是英国女王和首相的首席中文翻译“翻译”4：thetranslator/interpreter“Translation”的内涵1.Do[make]atranslationintoFrench2.TwoChinesetranslationsofHamlet3.Errorsintranslation4.Michaelisourtranslationteacher5.Tom’stranslationtoanotheroffice6.translationofforeigncurrency7.motionoftranslation…(product)(product)(translatingprocess)(course/subject/discipline)(transfer)(外币换算)(平移运动)1.ConceptofTranslationThetermtranslationitselfhasseveralmeanings:Generalsubjectfield(adiscipline/anart,etc.)Theproduct(thetextthathasbeentranslated)Theprocess(theactofproducingtranslatedtext,otherwiseknownastranslating)translation翻译的分类1.按照翻译的主体和形式，可分为：口译(interpretation/oral~)人工翻译(human~)笔译(written-text~)机器翻译(machine~)翻译的分类交替传译(consecutive~)口译同声传译(simultaneous~)全译(wholetextliterature)节译(pragmaticexcerpts)笔译概述(summary)变译(adaptedtranslation)改写(rewriting)翻译的分类2.按所涉及的两种代码的性质，RomanJakobson将其分为:语内翻译(intralingualtranslation)(or‘rewording’:aninterpretationofverbalsignsbymeansofothersignsofthesamelanguage)语际翻译(interlingualtranslation)(or‘translationproper’:aninterpretationofverbalsignsbymeansofsomeotherlanguage)语符翻译(intersemiotictranslation)(or‘transmutation’:aninterpretationofverbalsignsbymeansofsignsofnon-verbalsignsystem.)语内翻译与语际翻译∆学而时习之，不亦悦乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？（《论语·学而》）∆上课勤于Copy，考试就会很爽！兄弟来拜码头，管他黑道白道，偷笑了啦！人家不甩你也不要很笃烂，反正标准的痞子就是这样！（陈正菁《新浪潮国文》）∆Tolearnandatduetimestorepeatwhatonehaslearnt,isthatnotafterallpleasure?Thatfriendsshouldcometoonefromafar,isthisnotafteralldelightful?Toremainunsouredeventhoughone’smeritsareunrecognizedbyothers,isthatnotafterallwhatisexpectedofagentleman?(TheAnalectstrans.byAuthurWaley)3.按翻译的客体，即所译资料的性质，可分为:小说(fictions/novels)诗歌(poetry)文学翻译(literary~)戏剧(drama)影视字幕(subtitles)科技(technicalmaterials)法律(legaldocuments)广告(advertisement)实用翻译(practical~)政治(politicaldocuments)商务(businessmaterials)旅游(tourismmaterials)翻译的性质∆科学∆艺术∆手艺∆活动∆技巧∆传播∆翻译科学Thescienceoftranslation∆翻译艺术Theartoftranslation∆翻译研究Translationstudies∆翻译学TranslatologyTrytofindthesynonyms/samewordsinthedefinitions(forgetaboutthegrammar)RogerT.Bell:Translationistheexpressioninanotherlanguage(ortargetlanguage)ofwhathasbeenexpressedinanother,sourcelanguage,preservingsemanticandstylisticequivalences.EugeneA.Nida:Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessagesfirstintermofmeaningandsecondlyintermofstyle.synonyms/samewordstargetlanguage=receptorlanguagesourcelanguage=sourcelanguageequivalences=equivalentsemantic=meaningstylistic=style1.TranslationistoachieveequivalencebetweenSLandTLinbothmeaningandstyle.∆Herealizedthe“subtlety”ofChina’smessage,thegapbetweenhotrhetoricalandcoolaction.∆他领会了中国发出信息的“微妙之处”：言辞激烈但行动沉着。∆Beltsofparklandlinethreesidesoftheareaandfourlargeopensquaresoflawnandtreesbreaktheregularityofthecitybuildings.∆该地区三面与公园带相连，四大开阔的广场有草坪有树木，打破了城市建筑的规律性。∆城区三面绿地环绕，四大广场草坪开阔，碧草绿树掩映，打破了城区建筑的单一布局。ChristianeNord:Translationistheproductionofafunctionaltargettextmaintainingarelationshipwithagivensourcetextthatisspecifiedaccordingtotheintendedordemandedfunctionofthetargettext.PeterNewmark:(translating)isrenderingthemeaningofatextintoanotherlanguageinthewaytheauthorintendedthetext.Samewordstext=textintended=intended2.Translationrequirestheconsiderationoftheintensionorfunctionofthesourcetext(ST)andtargettext(TT).§“Ibegyourpardon,”saidAliceveryhumbly,“youhadgottothefifthbend,Ithink.”§“Ihadnot!”criedthemouse,sharplyandveryangrily.§“Aknot?”saidAlice,alwaysreadytomakeherselfuseful,andlookinganxiouslyabouther.§“Oh,doletmehelpyoutoundoit!”(LewisCarroll:Alice’sAdventuresinWonderland)【译文1】“请原谅，”阿丽思很恭顺地说，“我想你是讲到第五个拐弯的地方吧？”“我还没讲到！”耗子生气地尖声说道。“打了一个结！”阿丽思说，她总是乐于帮助别人，所以焦急地看着周围。“啊，让我帮你把它解开！”（陈复厣）【译文2】“对不住，对不住。你说到了第五个弯弯儿嘞，不是吗？”那老鼠很凶狠怒道：“我还没有到。”阿丽思道：“你没有刀吗？让我给你找一把罢！”（赵元任）GideonToury:atranslationistakentobeanytarget-languageutterancewhichispresentedorregardedassuchwithinthetargetculture,onwhatevergrounds.吕俊：翻译是一种跨文化的信息交流与交换活动，其本质是传播，是传播学中一个有特殊性质的领域。沈苏儒：翻译是把具有某一文化背景的发送者用某种语言（文字）所表述的内容尽可能充分地、有效地传达给使用另外一种语言（文字）、具有另外一种文化背景的接受者。synonymsculture=文化≈文化背景3.Translationiscross-culturalcommunication.∆一贫如洗vs.aspoorasachurchmouse（生活背景）∆东风送爽vs.OdetotheWestWind（地理环境）∆立交桥(远观)vs.flyover/overpass（置身其“下”）（思维方式）∆笔记本电脑(外观)vs.laptop（computer）（功用）（价值观）Summary1.Meaningand