关于ZnO的论文

毕业论文(设计)论文题目：Fe掺杂ZnO纳米粒子的制备及表征学院：药学院专业：化学教育班级：一班指导教师：杨立滨学生姓名：岳瑞轩学号：0711014102佳木斯大学教务处毕业论文（设计）用纸佳木斯大学教务处第I页Fe掺杂ZnO纳米粒子的制备及表征摘要:目的开展Fe掺杂ZnO纳米粒子的制备及表征的研究工作。方法以硝酸锌、硝酸铁、氢氧化钠等为原料，采用沉淀法合成Fe掺杂ZnO纳米粒子，并对样品进行表征。用WCT-2A型热重分析仪对样品进行TG-DTA测试；用X-射线衍射仪测试样品的晶型结构；用UV-Vis分光光度计记录样品DRS光谱。结果通过沉淀法成功地合成了纯ZnO、及Fe含量为（0.5%、1%、3%、5%）的Fe-ZnO纳米粒子，并对样品进行表征。结论掺杂的铁离子进入了ZnO的晶格取代了锌，拓展了样品的光学响应范围；并且，适量的Fe掺杂也丰富了ZnO纳米粒子的表面态（表面缺陷）并改善了与之相关的光生载流子的分离效率。关键词：ZnO；Fe掺杂；沉淀法；表征毕业论文（设计）用纸佳木斯大学教务处第II页FeDopedZnONanoparticlesandCharacterizationAbstract:ObjectFedopedZnOnanoparticlestocarryoutthepreparationandcharacterizationofthestudy.Methodszincnitrate,ferricnitrate,sodiumhydroxideasrawmaterials,synthesisofFedopedZnOprecipitationofnanoparticles,andthesampleswerecharacterized.WithaWCT-2AtypeTGATG-DTAsamplesweretested;ByX-Raydiffractioncrystalstructureofthetestsample;usingUV-VisDRSspectrarecordedsamplespectrophotometer.ResultsSuccessfullysynthesizedthroughtheprecipitationofpureZnO,andFecontent(0.5%,1%,3%,5%)oftheFe-ZnOnano-particles,andthesampleswerecharacterized.ConclusionsIrondopedintotheZnOlatticereplacedbyzinc,correspondingtoexpandthescopeoftheopticalsample;andtheappropriateamountofFedopedZnOnanoparticlesarealsoenrichedinthesurfacestates(surfacedefects)andtheassociatedimprovedPhotogeneratedcarrierseparationefficiency.Keywords:ZnO;Fedoped;precipitation;Characterization毕业论文（设计）用纸佳木斯大学教务处目录摘要·········································································································ⅠAbstract···································································································Ⅱ前言·········································································································11仪器试剂······························································································111.1仪器·······························································································111.2试剂·······························································································112实验方法······························································································112.1Fe-ZnO纳米粒子的制备·······································································112.1.1纯ZnO前驱物的制备·····································································122.1.2Fe-ZnO前驱物的制备·····································································132.1.3目标产物Fe-ZnO纳米粒子的制备·····················································132.2样品表征·························································································133实验结果······························································································133.1TG-DTA测试·····················································································133.2XRD测试·························································································143.3UV-VisDRS测试················································································164讨论····································································································17结论········································································································18致谢········································································································19参考文献·································································································20附录········································································································21附录Ⅰ（英）···························································································21附录Ⅱ（中）···························································································24毕业论文（设计）用纸佳木斯大学教务处第1页前言氧化锌(ZnO)是一种重要的直接宽带隙半导体材料，其室温禁带宽度为3.37eV。纳米级氧化锌是一种新型高功能精细无机材料。由于颗粒尺寸的细微化,使得纳米ZnO产生了其本体块状材料所不具备的表面效应、小尺寸效应、量子效应等[1]。与普通ZnO相比,纳米ZnO展现出许多特殊的性能,如无毒和非迁移性、荧光性、压电性、吸收和散射紫外线能力。这一新的物质状态,赋予了ZnO这一古老产品在科技领域许多新的用途,如制造气体传感器、荧光体、紫外线屏蔽材料、变阻器、图像记录材料、压电材料、压敏电阻、磁性材料、高效催化剂和塑料薄膜等[2]。近年来，为了改善ZnO纳米材料的性能，除了控制材料的尺寸、结构外，通常采用第III、IV和V族元素如Al、Ga、In、Sn及Sb等进行掺杂。目前，已获得了多种掺杂氧化锌纳米结构形貌，对掺杂后的光致发光、场发射特性和磁性的研究证实了掺杂对氧化锌纳米材料光、电和磁性能有显著影响。纳米ZnO粒子的性质ZnO是一种新型宽禁带n-Ⅵ族化合物半导体材料。与GaN材料类似，ZnO具有六方纤锌矿晶体结构和室温禁带宽度为3.37eV的直接带隙[3]。ZnO最显著一个特点就是具有很高的激子束缚能，高达60meV，是GaN(25meV)材料的两倍，也比室温热离化能(26meV)高很多，这就使得在室温或更高温度下激子受激发射存在并具有很高稳定性，从而保证了ZnO在室温低激活能下激子紫外光的发射[4]。此外，ZnO还具有很高的导电、导热性能和化学稳定性及良好的紫外吸收性能，所以ZnO在蓝光和紫光发光二极管、激光器、紫外探测器等光电子器件领域具有很大的潜在应用价值，被认为是极有前景的半导体材料之一。与体材料相比，ZnO一维纳米材料表现出独特的物理化学性质，因而在纳米器件领域具有广泛的应用前景。一维ZnO的纳米材料的径向量子限制效应，使得ZnO纳米器件更容易实现室温下有效的紫外受激辐射[5]。另外，由于具有较高表面比率和小的尖端曲率半径，一维ZnO纳米材料和C纳米管一样具有良好的电子场发射性质，然而ZnO具有更好的化学稳定性和对环境的非敏感性，所以将来ZnO基纳米结构在场发射显示器中是碳纳米管的理想替代物。ZnO纳米器件在室温低阀值下实现紫外受激发射十分可能。因此ZnO纳米材料在光电器件领域也有很大应用前景。毕业论文（设计）用纸佳木斯大学教务处第2页目前，研究人员对ZnO纳米结构的制备和生长机理的研究有很多，已经采用了各种不同技术制备了各种形貌的ZnO纳米结构，如纳米线、纳米棒、纳米带、纳米环等。在诸多研究中采用最多的是化学合成、MOCVD类似方法，而采用磁控溅射生长纳米结构的报道相对较少[6]。在ZnO微纳结构材料研究中有关结构、形态以及尺度的控制，仍然是个很大的难题。因此，实现可控定向生长高质量的一维ZnO纳米材料是实现蓝紫外发光的一个有效途径，如何实现一维ZnO纳米材料的可控生长越来受人们的广泛关注[7]。纳米ZnO的应用纳米氧化锌由于其尺寸介于分子、原子和宏观微粒之间，具有纳米材料的体积效应、表面效应等许多宏观材料所不具有的特殊性质。综述了纳米氧化锌作为一种新型功能材料在橡胶、涂料、陶瓷、防晒化妆品等领域展示出的