遥感英文

1.DefinitionofRemoteSensing•Remotesensingisthescienceandartofobtaininginformationaboutaphenomenoawithoutbeingincontactwithit.Remotesensingdealswiththedetectionandmeasurementofphenomenawithdevicessensitivetoelectromagneticenergysuchas:•Light(camerasandscanners)•Heat(thermalscanners)•RadioWaves(radar)2.PassiveRemoteSensing:Makesuseofsensorsthatdetectthereflectedoremitted(散射)electro-magneticradiationfromnaturalsources.3.ActiveremoteSensing:Makesuseofsensorsthatdetectreflectedresponsesfromobjectsthatareirradiated(辐射)fromartificially-generatedenergysources,suchasradar.4.Platforms:Vehicletocarrythesensor(truck,aircraft,spaceshuttle,satellite,etc.)5.Sensors:Devicetodetectelectro-magneticradiation(camera,scanner,etc.)1．Electro-MagneticSpectrum(EMS):（电磁波谱）Wavelengthregionsofelectro-magneticradiationhavedifferentnamesrangingfromGammaray,X-ray,Ultraviolet(UV),Visiblelight,Infrared(IR)toRadioWave,inorderfromtheshorterwavelengths.2．Atmosphericscattering（散射）istheunpredictablediffusionofradiationbyparticlesintheatmosphere.3.Rayleighscatter（瑞利散射）iscommonwhenradiationinteractswithatmosphericmolecules(gasmolecules)andothertinyparticles(aerosols)thataremuchsmallerindiameterthatthewavelengthoftheinteractingradiation.4.Miescatter（米氏散射）existswhentheatmosphericparticlediameterisessentiallyequaltotheenergywavelengthsbeingsensed.5.Extinction:（衰减）Thesunlighttransmissionthroughtheatmosphereiseffectedbyabsorptionandscatteringofatmosphericmoleculesandaerosols.Thisreductionofthesunlight'sintensityiscalledextinction.6.Aspectralreflectancecurve:（反射波谱曲线）Agraphofthespectralreflectanceofanobjectasafunctionofwavelengthiscalledaspectralreflectancecurve.1.Asunsynchronousorbitisanearpolarorbitwhosealtitudeissuchthatthesatellitewillalwayspassoveralocationatagivenlatitudeatthesamelocalsolartime.Inthisway,thesamesolarilluminationcondition(exceptforseasonalvariation)canbeachievedfortheimagesofagivenlocationtakenbythesatellite.1.Electromechanical：（光机）thesensoroscillates（振荡）fromsidetosidetoformtheimage.2.Lineararray：（线性列阵）anarrayofdetectorsisusedtosimultaneously（同时地）sensethepixel（像素）valuesalongaline。3.Radiometricresolution（辐射分辨率）Thedynamicrange,ornumberofpossibledatafilevalues,ineachband.Thisisreferredtobythenumberofbitsintowhichtherecordedenergyisdivided.4.Spatialresolution（空间分辨率）Ameasureofthesmallestobjectthatcanberesolvedbythesensor,ortheareaonthegroundrepresentedbyeachpixel.5.Temporalresolution（时间分辨率）Thefrequencywithwhichasensorobtainsimageryofaparticulararea.DataPreparation数据预处理Geocorrection几何校正Vegetativeindices植被指数ColorComposite彩色合成SupervisedClassification监督分类UnsupervisedClassification非监督分类Tone/Color色调/颜色Shape形状Size大小Site位置Shadow阴影Texture纹理Pattern图型Association相关布局1.GCPs（地面控制点）arespecificpixelsinanimageforwhichtheoutputmapcoordinates（坐标）(orotheroutputcoordinates)areknown.2.SpatialEnhancement（空间增强）isafunctionthatenhancesanimageusingthevaluesofindividualandsurroundingpixels.3.Convolution（卷积）isusedtochangethespatialfrequencycharacteristicsofanimage.4.RadiometricEnhancement（辐射增强）dealswiththeindividualvaluesofthepixelsinanimage.5.Principalcomponentsanalysis(PCA):（主成分分析）Amethodofdatacompressionthatallowsredundantdatatobecompressedintofewerbands.6.Unsupervisedclassification（非监督分类）isalsocalledclustering（集群），becauseitisbasedonthenaturalgroupingsofpixelsinimagedatawhentheyareplottedinfeaturespace.