罗斯福新政,英文课件

TheNewDealSpeaker:0704110406郑心怡Numbers:0704110410吴云云0704110422任丽优0704110438朱吉莉IntroductionI.FranklinD.RooseveltII.BackgroundIII.Implement:Stage,content,measuresIV.EssenceV.FeaturesVI.InfluenceI.FranklinDelanoRoosevelt•Hewasthe32ndPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1933-1945)andacentralfigureinworldeventsduringthemid-20thcentury,leadingtheUnitedStatesduringatimeofworldwideeconomiccrisisandworldwar.•TheonlyAmericanpresidentelectedtomorethantwoterms,heforgedadurablecoalitionthatrealignedAmericanpoliticsfordecades.II.Background•TheGreatDepression---aseverworldwideeconomicdepression•ThefailureofPresidentHoover’sreform•Keynesianism（凯恩斯理论）•Thevoiceofthecallsforreformisrising•RooseveltasthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesIII.Implement:•Stage•Content•MeasureStage•thefirststage:(1933-1935)FocusoneconomicadjustmentandRenaissance(thefirst100days)•thesecondstage:(1936-1939)FocusonthereformContentTheNewDealwasaseriesofeconomicprogramsimplementedintheUnitedStatesbetween1933and1936.TheywerepassedbytheUnitedStatesCongressduringthefirsttermofPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt.TheprogramswereRoosevelt'sresponsestotheGreatDepression,andfocusedonwhathistorianscallthe3Rs:Relief,Recovery,andReform.3RsReliefwasurgentlyneededbytensofmillionsofunemployed.Recoverymeantboostingtheeconomybacktonormal.Reformmeantlong-termfixesofwhatwaswrong,especiallywiththefinancialandbankingsystems.Roosevelt'sseriesofradiotalks,knownasfiresidechats(炉边谈话),presentedhisproposalsdirectlytotheAmericanpublic.IV.EssenceOnthepartialadjustmentofcapitalistrelationsofproductionV.FeaturesNationaldirectinterventionintheeconomy•在1930年代经济大萧条期间，罗斯福推行新政以提供失业救济与复苏经济，并成立如公共事业振兴署（WPA）、国家复兴管理局（NRA）和农业调整管理局（AAA）等机构来改革经济和银行体系。虽然直到第二次世界大战爆发为止，美国的经济仍未能完全复苏，但是他所发起的一些计划，如联邦存款保险公司（FDIC）、田纳西河谷管理局（TVA）以及证券交易委员会（SEC）等，仍继续在国家的商贸中扮演重要角色。除此之外，在其任内设立的一些制度，包括社会安全系统和全国劳资关系委员会（NLRB）等等，仍然保留至今。NationalRecoveryAct(in1933forindustry)industrypowerProclaimingthesymbolofindustrialrecoveryAcceptingPresidentFranklinRoosevelt’sRe-employmentAgreementoraspecialCodeofFairCompetitionTitleTennesseeValleyAuthorityIncreasingemploymentopportunitiesStimulatingconsumptionStabilizingsociety…Anextensivefloodcontrol,electricpowerandgeneraldevelopmentprogramwereputintooperation.torelievepeopleindisasterareasbygivingthememploymentinsteadofoutrightgrantAgriculturalAdjustmentAct(AAA)Themainaims---toraisecommoditypriceslimitingproduction,devaluingthedollar,maintaininghightariffonforeigngoods---tocarrythroughamodestinflationbyprovidingmoneyatlowratesoffarmersandtoindustry.SocialSecurityAct(in1935)WPAemployed2to3millionunemployedatunskilledlaborStabilizingsocietyTheactwasanattempttolimitwhatwereseenasdangersinthemodernAmericanlife,includingoldage,poverty,unemployment,andtheburdensofwidowsandfatherlesschildren.OtherfundamentalreformsBankandmonetaryreformstheEmergencyBankingAct---providedforasystemofreopeningsoundbanksAdjustingandstabilizingthebankingsystem¾banks--reopenTheSecurityandExchangeCommission(SEC)enforcingthefederalsecuritieslawsandregulatingthesecuritiesindustry,thenation'sstockandoptionsexchanges,andotherelectronicsecuritiesmarketstoregulatethestockmarkettopreventcorporateabusesVI.Influence•By1938,theNewDealwasoverwiththeexpansionoftheEuropecrisis.•switchemphasisfromdomestictoforeignaffairs•“SaveAmericandemocracy”---avoidfascism(GermanandJapanshiftedtheburden)•Helpingovercomethemostseriouseconomiccrisisofthecapitalistsystemuptothattime---Restoringproductivity•Stateinterventionintheeconomy•However,itcannoteliminateeconomiccrisisfundamentally.Thankyou!