初中英语语法大全

RevisionofJuniorEnglish初三英语复习AdjectivesandAdverbs形容词、副词区别几组易混淆的副词、形容词★already常用于肯定句、个别疑问句yet常用于否定句、疑问句*Thetrainhasalreadygone.*Theyhaven’tcomebackyet.★such修饰名词so修饰形容词、副词*Ihaveneverseensuchaninterestingfilm.*ThisboxissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.★alone(单独、独自)作表语=byoneselflonely(孤独的)可作表语、定语*Helivedalone,buthedidn’tfeellonely.*It’salonelyvillage.★hard(努力地)hardly(几乎不)否定副词*Sheworksveryhard,andhehardlyhasarestonSundays.TheComparative&SuperlativeDegreesofAdjectives&Adverbs形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词1)一般情况加–er或–estfast–faster–fastesthigh–higher–highestclever–cleverer–cleverest规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词2)以字母e结尾加–r或–stfine–finer–finestlate–later–latestnice–nicer–nicest规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词3)重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加–er或–estfat–fatter–fattestbig–bigger–biggestthin–thinner–thinnest规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词4)以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加–er或–estearly–earlier–earliesteasy–easier–easiestlucky–luckier–luckiest规则变化部分双音节和多音节词在词前加more或mostslowly-moreslowly-mostslowlyeasily-moreeasily-mosteasilycarefully-morecarefully-mostcarefully不规则变化good/well–better–bestmany/much–more–mostlittle–less–leastfar–farther–farthest(far–further–furthest)bad/badly/ill–worse–worst形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法1)表示两者（人或事物）的比较时用比较级，通常用连词than引导，表示“较······”或“更······一些”的意思*Thiscakeismoredeliciousthanthatone.*LiLeijumpedfartherthanJim(did).2)表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in,among）短语来说明比较的范围*ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.*Lucysings(the)bestofall.*Heisthemostcarefulamongus.3)在表示“和······一样······”和“不及······”这类概念时，可以用“as+原级+as”和“notas（so）+原级+as”的句型*Ourteacherisasbusyasbefore.*Hedoesnotrunso(as)fastasI.4)可用much,still,alittle,even,far,threeyears等表示程度的状语来修饰比较级*SheismuchtallerthanMrs.Liu.*HeisthreeyearsolderthanI.*Thisproblemisalittlemoredifficultthantheotherone.5)几种比较级的使用句型1.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越······”*YourEnglishisgettingbetterandbetter.你的英语越来越好了。*ThesedaysmoreandmorepeoplearelearningEnglish.现在学英语的人越来越多了。2.“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越······就越······”*Themore,thebetter.越多越好。*Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他越忙越高兴。3.“more(less)than”表示“不止，不到”*Sheismorethanthirty.她三十多岁了。*Thelightestweighslessthan50kilograms.最轻的不到五十公斤。4.“moreorless”表示“差不多，或多或少”*Theproblemismoreorlesssolved.这个问题差不多已经解决了。*Isitstraight?–Moreorless.它直吗？–差不多吧。6)注意点1.形容词最高级前一定要用the，副词最高级前可省略2.在比较级中为了避免重复，在the后常用one，that，those等词来替代前面提到过的名词*Thispenisshorterthanthatone.*TheweatherhereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai.3.用or连接两项需作比较的内容时，须用比较级；若or连接三项或三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级*Whoistaller,MaryorJane?*Whichisbiggest,thesun,themoonortheearth?7)掌握几种同义句转换1.Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.=Heistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Heistallerthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.=Heisthetallest(student)inhisclass.3.IprefermathstoEnglish.=IlikemathsbetterthanEnglish.4.Theboxistooheavyforhimtocarry.=Theboxissoheavythathecan’tcarryit.=Theboxisnotlightenoughforhimtocarry.Exercises选择()1Whogetshomeusually____inyourfamily?A.thelatestB.laterC.earlyD.aslate()2Themorewelookedatthepicture,____.A.welikeitlessB.thelesswelikeditC.betterwelikeditD.itlookedbetter()3Whatapity.Lucyran____thanLily.A.afewmoreslowlyB.alittlemoreslowlyC.muchmoreslowlyD.littleslowlierABB()4Don’tworry.Yourbabyislookedafter____here,thenursearevery____.A.careful,carefullyB.carefully,carefulC.care,carelessD.careless,care()5Theideabecame____.Hewantedtotry____.A.strangly,itoutB.strangly,outitC.strange,itoutD.strange,outit()6Beijingis____biggestcitiesinChina.A.thefirstB.oneofC.thesecondD.secondBCC用词的适当形式填空1Heworksvery__________.He__________hasarestonSunday.(hard)2__________,hedidn’tfailintheexam.(luck)3Hewasso__________thathecouldn’tbelievethis__________news.(surprise)4Hewon’tdoit.Iwon’tdoit,__________.(too)hardhardlyLuckilysurprisedsurprisingeither5Mr.Greenisfeeling__________enoughtogotowork.(good)6Theoldmanlooksvery_______________thanyouthink.(friend)7Thisboxisnotso______asthatone.(heavy)8Lucyjumped__________ofthefour.(high)wellmorefriendlyheavyhighestPronouns代词代词的分类人称代词PersonalPronouns物主代词PossessivePronouns反身代词SelfPronouns不定代词IndefinitePronouns指示代词DemonstrativePronouns疑问代词InterrogativePronouns人称代词PersonalPronouns数单数复数人称一二三一二三主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyourthem1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格*Theyalllikehimverymuch.他们都很喜欢他。*Shegavethebookstoyouandme.这些书是她送给你和我的。2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格*Who’sknockingatthedoor?–It’sme.谁敲门？-是我。3.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”*You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.你我她都喜欢音乐。4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等*Weloveourmotherland,wehopeshe’llbestrongerandbigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。*Theshipisleaving.She’sonherfirsttriptoBoston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等*What’theweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.今天的天气怎么样？-有风。*It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。6.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳*It’shardtoreachtheapples.很难够到苹果。*It’sgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。物主代词PossessivePronouns形容词性名词性mymineyouryourshishisherhersitsitsouroursyouryourstheirtheirs1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语*Mybrotherisaworker.我弟弟是个工人。*Hisparentsareveryfriendly.他的父母非常友善。2.名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语*Whosedictionaryisthis?–It’smine.这字典是谁的？-我的。*Ourroomisbigandtheirsissmall.我们的房间大，他们的房间小。*Youmayusemypen.I’llusehers.你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。3.形容词性物主代词和名