预防滑倒、绊倒、跌倒

Slips,Trips,andFallsPrevention滑倒、绊倒和跌倒的预防Issue–STF问题–滑倒、绊倒&跌倒STF’srepresents#1causeofinjury滑倒、绊倒&跌倒（STF）是造成损伤的第1原因STF’soccurinanypartoftheworkplacewhetherinsideoroutside.STF的发生会出现在室内外工作场所的任何地方STF’smayresultinseriousoutcomesSTF可能导致严重后果STF’scosttobothworkerandemployercanbegreatSTF可以给雇员和雇主带来巨大的损失STF’sislikesteppingonmoneySTF带来经济损失ToWorker对雇员而言：ToEmployer对雇主而言：•Pain•疼痛•lostwages•损失薪水•temporaryorpermanentdisability•暂时或永久性残疾•reducedqualityoflife•生活质量减低•Depression•沮丧消沉•lossinproductivityandbusiness•生产和业务受损•increasedindustrialinsurancepremiums•工伤保险费用升高•costsassociatedwithtrainingreplacementworker•与培训替代雇员有关的成本•costofmedicaltreatment•医疗成本DefinitionofSTF滑倒、绊倒&跌倒（STF）的定义Whenyourfoot(orlowerleg)hitsanobjectandyourupperbodycontinuesmoving,throwingyouoffbalance.当你的脚部（或小腿）碰到一个物体，而你的上身继续移动时，你会失去平衡。Occurswhenyouaretoofaroffyourcenterofbalance.当你距离自身的平衡中心点过远时，你会跌倒。Whenyoustepdownunexpectedlytoalowersurface(Misstep)andloseyourbalance,e.g.,steppingoffacurb.当你突然踏空（失足）并失去平衡时，比如，在道牙上踏空。Whenthereistoolittlefrictionortractionbetweenyourfeet(footwear)andthewalkingorworkingsurface,andyouloseyourbalance.当你的脚部（鞋）与行走或工作的路面之间的摩擦力或牵引力过小时，你因此失去平衡。DefinitionofSTFFriction:Theresistanceencounteredwhenanobject(foot)ismovedincontactwithanother(ground).Frictionisnecessaryinordertowalkwithoutslipping.STF摩擦力的定义：一个物体（脚部）与另一个物体（地面）接触并在该物体上移动时产生的阻力。摩擦力是平稳行走的必要因素。CommontypesofSTFInjuries:滑倒、绊倒&跌倒造成的常见伤害类型：Sprains,strains扭伤、拉伤Bruises,contusions瘀伤、挫伤Fractures骨折Abrasions,lacerations擦伤、破口CommonlyaffectedBodyParts:容易受伤的身体部位：Knee,Ankle,Foot膝盖、踝部、脚部Wrist,Elbow手腕、肘部Back后背Shoulder肩膀Hip髋部Head头部MANYOFTHESECOULDHAVEBEENPREVENTED很多事故本来可以避免•AccordingtotheU.S.DepartmentofLabor,slips,trips,andfallsmakeupthemajorityofgeneralindustryaccidents.•根据美国劳工部的数据，滑倒、绊倒和跌倒占一般工伤事故的大部分。•25%ofreportedclaimsperfiscalyearareduetoSTF•在每财年的上报索赔记录中，25%与滑倒、绊倒和跌倒有关。•Over17%ofalldisablingworkinjuriesaretheresultoffalls•在所有导致残疾的工伤中，超过17%是由跌倒造成的。HumanFactorsIncreasingtheRiskofSlips,TripsandFalls增加滑倒、绊倒&跌倒发生的人为因素FactorsofSTF导致滑倒、绊倒&跌倒的因素Healthandphysicalconditioncanimpairaperson’svision,judgment,andbalance.健康和身体状况会影响一个人的视觉、判断力和平衡性-Eyesight,visualperception视力、视觉感知-Age年龄-Physicalstate,fatigue身体状况、疲劳-Stress,illness压力、疾病-Medications,alcohol,drug药物治疗、饮酒、吸毒Behaviours–actionsyouchooseandcontrolcancontributetoaslip,trip,andfallinjuryifyousetyourselfupforone.行为–如果你马虎大意，那么你选择和支配的行为将会导致滑倒、绊倒和跌倒损伤。Carryingormovingcumbersomeobjects,ortoomanyobjects,thatobstructyourviewimpairyourbalanceandpreventyoufromholdingontohandrails手提或搬动笨重的物品或过多物品会妨碍你的视野，影响你的平衡并使你无法扶着扶手。Poorhousekeeping(allowingcluttertoaccumulate,notmaintainingcleandryfloors,etc.)不合格的环境整洁状况（使混乱状态不断加重，未能保持地面的干净和干爽等）Usingimpropercleaningmethods(e.g.,incorrectlyusingwaxorpolish;ortryingtocleanupgreasespillwithwater)使用不当的清洁方法（如，不当使用蜡或上光剂；或试图用水来清洗油脂溢出物）Notusingsignagewhensliportriphazardsexist当滑倒或绊倒危险存在时，没有使用标志牌InattentiveBehavior:walking,distractions(e.g.,usingcellphone,talkingandnotwatchingwhereyou’regoing,etc.)分散精力的行为：走路时分散注意力的行为（如，打电话、走路时与人交谈及没有注意观察等）Takingshortcuts;notusingwalkwaysordesignated,clearedpathways;beinginahurry,rushingaround抄近路：未使用通道或指定的无障碍物路径；匆忙赶路FactorsIncreasingtheRiskofSlips,TripsandFalls滑倒、绊倒&跌倒发生增加的因素Clutter混乱的环境NotPayingAttention马虎大意FactorsIncreasingtheRiskofSlips,TripsandFalls令滑倒、绊倒&跌倒风险增加的因素NotPayingAttention马虎大意ImproperMethodofCarryingItems不当搬运物品OthercommonhazardstoLookoutFor警惕其他常见的危险Reportthesedangers上报这些危险FactorsIncreasingtheRiskofSlips,TripsandFallscont’d滑倒、绊倒&跌倒风险增加的因素（续）Housekeeping环境整洁Closefilecabinetorstoragedrawers关上文件柜或抽屉Reportcables/wiresthatcrosswalkway报告出现在通道上的电缆/电线Keepworkingareasandwalkwayswelllitandclear保持工作场所和通道的良好照明及清洁情况Reportburnedoutbulbs报告灯泡短路Beawareofyoursurroundingsandreportanyperceiveddanger留心周围的物品，报告潜在的危险HousekeepingDON’Ts…………环境整洁避免……-Propfiredoorsopen.长时间打开防火门Storematerialsinstairwells.在楼梯间存放物品-Storetrashcansinfrontofdoorway.将垃圾桶摆放在门口-Usecinderblocktopropopenthedoors.为保持门的敞开状态而用炉渣砖抵住门-Usechairtoblockanemergencycut-offvalve.用椅子挡住紧急切断阀-Placechairsindangerousareas.Forexample,thechairinthepicturecouldrepresentastruckagainsthazard.Someonecouldsitinthechair,andstriketheirheadonthepipeandvalvebehindit.将椅子放在危险区域。比如，图片中的椅子可能是导致碰撞的危险因素。坐在椅子上的人可能将头撞到身后的管子和阀门上。-Thischaircouldalsoencouragesmokinginthestairwell.这把椅子也可能增加人们在楼梯间吸烟的几率。Do………Reportthesedangers!务必上报这些危险情况！Slip,TripandFallHazard滑倒、绊倒和跌倒危险PROBLEM问题Slip:ifitiswetoutsideandthematisfoldedback,thenthefloorisgettingwetinsteadofthematabsorbingthewater.滑倒：如果户外潮湿而垫子翻卷，那么垫子就无法起到吸水的作用，地面也会随之变得潮湿。Trip:thematisfoldedbackandsomeonecouldcatchtheirfootonthematandtrip.绊倒：因为垫子翻卷，有人可能将脚刮到垫子并因此绊倒。Fall:bothawetfloorandcaughtfootcouldcontributetoafall.跌倒：潮湿的地面和脚刮到垫子的情况都可能导致跌倒的发生。Reportthisdanger!上报这一危险情况！Canyouidentifythehazard你能发现危险吗Thissliderepresentsatriphazard.Hereyoucanseeanelectricalcordinthemiddleofthewalkway.Thiscordispluggedintoanelectricaloutlet.本页显示出一个绊倒风险。图片中，一条电线横在通道的中间。这条电线插在插座中。ContactFacilitiesManagementtorearrangetheroomsothatthepieceofequipmentisclosetotheoutletorhaveanadditionaloutletinstalled.联系设施管理部门来重新安排房间的布局，使这台设备紧靠插座或者安装