初中英语定语从句关系代词和关系副词精讲精练

页眉内容根据工程勘察报告揭露，本场地自地表至持力层深度范围内所揭露的土层主要由饱和粘土、砂土组成，具有成层分布的特点。页脚内容定语从句讲解及练习一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用who或whom.例：Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1,只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2,只用which不用that的情况：(3)非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：Theboy,whoisgoodatsoccer,comesfromXinjiang.Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.页眉内容根据工程勘察报告揭露，本场地自地表至持力层深度范围内所揭露的土层主要由饱和粘土、砂土组成，具有成层分布的特点。页脚内容非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性)(4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与andthis相似，并可以指人。例如：Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.(5)如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity8.介词＋关系代词是一个普遍使用的结构。(1)介词＋关系代词可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。介词＋关系代词结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that。例:Isthatthehouseinwhichyoulive?关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.热身练习请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.4.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.5.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.6.MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.页眉内容根据工程勘察报告揭露，本场地自地表至持力层深度范围内所揭露的土层主要由饱和粘土、砂土组成，具有成层分布的特点。页脚内容2.Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.4.Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.6.Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.8.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.9.Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.10.Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.11.Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.12.Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、单项选择()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose()2.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything()3.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which()4.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat()5.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()6.Doyouknowthestudent_____?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk()7.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its()8.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that定语从句中关系副词的用法定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when,where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下：表时间的名词+when+定语从句when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例句：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.表地点的名词+where+定语从句where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例句：Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.表原因的名词reason+why+定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)页眉内容根据工程勘察报告揭露，本场地自地表至持力层深度范围内所揭露的土层主要由饱和粘