高三虚拟语气经典讲解.

1.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气.2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气定义二、虚拟语气的考点1、一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法；5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。1、一般条件句中的虚拟语气时间If条件句主句过去haddonewouldshould+havedonesthcouldmight现在助动词be用were实义动词do用didwouldshould+dosthcouldmight将来did/wereshoulddoweretodowouldshould+dosthcouldMight1.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.2.IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldn’thavemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldn’thavehappened.与现在事实相反与过去事实相反5.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldn’tgoforanouting.6.Ithinkwecoulddoit,ifweplanneditproperlyandcouldborrowthetools.7.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.与未来事实相反1.IfIwereyou,I____buythehouserightnow.A.won’tB.don’tC.wouldn’tD.can’t2._____morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.IfthecaptainwereB.IfthecaptainhadbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen3.Ifhe____metomorrow,IwouldlethimknowA.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotableBCA2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中含有should，were，had三个助动词并且放在句首时，可以把if省略。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?aflood,whatshouldwedo?Shoultherebe3.名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose,recommend五个要求：demand,require,request,desireask这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。•我们建议Tom去休息一下。•他坚决要求我到场。•国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。•他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.2、以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation,demand,request,requirement,desire•It’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.•Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.•Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；1）wish+宾语从句同ifonly现在：过去：未来：过去时(did/were)过去完成时(haddone)would/could/might/should+V.•IwishIwereabird.(现在)•IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(过去)•Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(未来)2）wouldratherthat-现在：过去：未来：•Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.(现在)•Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.(过去)•Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.(未来)过去时过去时过去完成时3）asif/though+从句现在：过去：将来：3个+v过去时过去完成时•Helooksasifheweredrunk.•Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.•Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.•Itseemsasifitwerespring.•Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.4.It’shightime+that-should+V.过去时你该走了。我们该睡觉了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.5）without,butfor,otherwise构成虚拟。(butfor要不是)•Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.•Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.•Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.6）Ifonly…(要是…就好了)(同wish用法）IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!•要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。•要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!7）语境中的虚拟语气（1）介词短语表条件Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceeded.（2）情境中提供虚拟语气Shewasn’tfeelingverywell.Otherwiseshewouldn’thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.8）It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形1.Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.2.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.3.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.三、虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospital.经典题目1.Ifyou_____himyesterday,you_____whattodonow.A.asked…wouldknowB.hadasked…wouldhaveknownC.askedhim…knowD.hadasked…wouldknow2.Whatwouldhavehappened,_____asfarastheriverbank?A.BobhadwalkedfartherB.ifBobshouldwalkfartherC.hadBobwalkedfartherD.ifBobwalkedfartherCD3.HowIwisheveryfamily_____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!(02上海)A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad4.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.(95N)A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenBC陈述语气与虚拟语气典型例题5)Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_____.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined6)---Wouldyouhavecalledherup_____possible?---Yes,butI_____busydoingmyhomework.A.haditbeen…wasB.ifitwas…wereC.ifithadbeen…hadbeenD.ifitwere…wouldbeB该句为陈述语气，因为主句用的是willbeputoff。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代将来时。问句中用的是虚拟语气，主句用wouldhavecalled,从句中与过去相反的动词形式为haddone；答句中表示的是真实的情况，所以该用陈述语气。A高考题点击7)Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.A.drove…didn’tgetB.haddriven…wouldn’thavegotC.drove…wouldn’tgetD.weredriving…wouldn’tget8)ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_____inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.(02上海)A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall前句用的是陈述语气，表示过去发生的事；后句是虚拟语气，表示与过去相反。BB该句主句中用的是与现在相反的虚拟语气，而从句中使用的是与过去相反的虚拟语气。全句意思为“如果我不在七岁时迷上了我们家乡的MelindaCoxLibrary，我真不能想象我今天会做什么。”.９-DoyoumindifIleavethewindowopen?-Well,I’dratheryou_____.A.