2019届高考英语(译林版)一轮复习练习：选修7 4 Unit 4知能演练轻松闯关 Word版含解析

精品资料精品资料课时练1阅读理解提速练Ⅰ阅读理解ASevenyearsago，backin2010，somereportscoveredastorythattheworld’slongestrailwaytunnelwasunderconstructioninSwitzerland.Atthatpointithadalreadybeenunderconstructionforoveradecade.Ithadbeenvotedtobebuiltnearlyaquarterofacenturyago！Theideatobuilditcoulddatebacktonearly70yearsago—aboutasoldassomeofyourgrandparents!Yesterday，itwasfinallyready!It’sabout35mileslongandruns7，500feetbeneaththeSwissAlps，afamousmountainrangeinSwitzerland.Itevenrunsunderanoldtunnelthatwastherebefore.Ittookatotalof17yearstobuildatacostof$12billion！28milliontonsofrockweredug.Twomilliontruckloadsofearthwereremoved!ThetunnelconnectsnorthernandsouthernEurope.TheopeningofthistunnelwassuchabigdealthattheGermany’sleader，ChancellorAngelaMerkel，France’spresident，FrancoisHollande，andItaly’sprimeminister，MatteoRenzi，werealltheretocelebrate，aswasAustria’schancellorChristianKern.It’scalledtheGotthardBaseTunnel.Eventually，325freightandpassengertrainswillgothroughthetunnel，relievingalotoftrafficontheroadwaysthereandmakingitamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyoption.TheGotthardBaseTunnelisawonderofengineeringandmakesuswanttovisitit!【解题导语】本文介绍了戈特哈德隧道的建成及其相关情况和由此带来的意义。1．Whendidpeoplefirsthavetheideaofbuildingthetunnel?A．About70yearsago.B．Halfacenturyago.C．Twenty­fiveyearsago.D．Sevenyearsago.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的最后一句可知，大约70年前人们第一次有建造该隧道的想法。故选A项。2．Whatcanwelearnaboutthetunnel?A．Itusedtobeanoldtunnel.B．Ithasjustbeencompleted.C．ItconnectsallEuropeancountries.D．Itrunsoverarangeofmountains.B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Yesterday，itwasfinallyready！”可知，该隧道刚刚精品资料精品资料竣工。故选B项。3．Whatmaybethepurposeofbuildingthetunnel?A．Toimprovetraffic.B．Toincreaseemployment.C．Toattractdonation.D．Tostoppollution.A解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“relievingalotoftrafficontheroadwaysthereandmakingitamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyoption”可知，该铁路隧道修建的目的是缓解交通压力。故选A项。4．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthetunnel?A．Itwillcauseconflictsamongcountries.B．Itwillbeoflittlebenefittothelocals.C．Itmaydodamagetotheenvironment.D．Itmaybecomeatouristattraction.D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一句中的“makesuswanttovisitit”可推知，该铁路隧道可能会成为一个旅游胜地。故选D项。B(2018·吉林长春普通高中高三质量监测)OneofthebiggestsocialissuesinJapanistheincreasinglylowmarriageratesamongyoungpeopleandthelowbirthrates,whichleadtoanagingandeventuallyshrinking(萎缩)population.MostyoungJapanesewomensimplydon’tseeminterestedinhavingmanychildren.NowwhatbeganinJapanishappeningglobally.AsDavidBrookswrote,birthratesarebecominglowerinmuchoftheworld,fromIran—1.7birthsperwoman—toRussian,wherelowbirthratesconnectedwithhighdeathratesmeanthepopulationisalreadyshrinking.AndthisincludestheUS,whichhaslonghadhigherbirthratesthanmostdevelopednations.Agingcountrieswillfacetheburdenofcaringforlargeelderlypopulationswithoutalargerresourceofyoungworkers.It’struethatglobalagingisgoingtopresentsomemajorchallenges.Whowilltakecareoftheelderly?Willanolderworldbelessactiveandslowertochangeandadapt?It’salltrue.SometimesIworryaboutacominggenerationalwaroverresources,justasIworryabouthowIwilltakecareofmyownparentsintheiroldage,justasIworryaboutwhomighttakecareofme.Buthere’sthething:anolderworldmayhavelesspressureontheenvironment.Asweallknow,theenvironmentistherealvictimofoverpopulation.Somaybeaworldthatgrowsslowerandgrowsolderwillputlesspressureonthe精品资料精品资料environment,andbuyusafewmoreyearstoensureourenergyuse,alongwithourbirthrates,reachesasustainable(可持续的)level.Afterall,we’resupposedtogetsmarteraswegetolder.Hopefullythatholdstruefortheplanetaswell.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了全球老龄化带来的挑战，也指出了老龄化社会有利的方面。5．ThepopulationissueinJapanismentionedto________．A．showyoungpeople’spreferenceformarriageB．introducethetopicofglobalbirthrates’becominglowerC．indicatethedeepercauseofJapan’sdepressionD．emphasizetherevolutionofJapanesewomenB解析：细节理解题。文章开头提及日本人口出生率低是为了引出全球人口出生率低、老龄化问题。第二段的第一句“NowwhatbeganinJapanishappeningglobally.”也是提示。故选B。6．Whichwillbecausedbylowbirthratesaccordingtothepassage?A．Agingsociety.B．Environmentalproblems.C．Highdeathrates.D．Lowemploymentrates.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“OneofthebiggestsocialissuesinJapanis...andthelowbirthrates,whichleadtoanagingandeventuallyshrinking(萎缩)population.”可知，人口出生率低会导致老龄化社会。故选A。7．What’stheauthor’sattitudetotheworldwidebirthrates’becominglower?A．Anxious.B．Disappointed.C．Hopeful.D．Doubtful.C解析：观点态度题。根据文章的最后两段可知，老龄化社会也有有利的方面，如减少环境压力、保障能源供应等。故选C。8．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoDavidBrooks?A．Thebirthratesallovertheworldarebecominglower.B．Themostdevelopedcountrieshavehigherdeathrates.C．Americaistheonlydevelopedcountrywithhigherbirthrates.D．Birthrates’becominglowermeansagreatrisktoagingcountries.D解析：细节理解题。根据前三段可知，低出生率会导致社会老龄化，而老龄化国家会面临许多老人需要被照顾、年轻劳动力缺乏的巨大挑战。故选D。C精品资料精品资料(2018·福建泉州检测)Weknowalotabouttheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofreadingahard­copybookvs.readingelectronically.Theproblemis,manyofusrefusetolisten.Don’tgetmewrong:Digitalreadinghassomerealadvantages.Askpeoplewhattheylikemostaboutreadingondigitalscreens,andyouhearoverandoveragainaboutconvenience.Morepointsfordigitalreading：e­bookstendtobecheaper.There’salsotheenvironmentalargument.Thinkofthetrees!Yetthesoundnessofthiscaseisarguable.Theearthmetalstobuilde­read