非限制性定语从句详解

Non-restrictiveattributiveclauses非限制性定语从句2020/2/14*Theman_______issittingthereisXiJinping.**Theman_______________HuJingtaospeakstoisXiJinping.Theman______HuJingtaospeaksisXiJinping.who/thatWhoishe?towhomwho/whom/that/-2020/2/14Whoisshe?Alicia,______tookweight-losspills,nowrealizesthathealthisimportant.Alicia,_______bodyisthin,stillwantstolosesomeweight.whowhose非限制性定语从句中关系词的指代关系指人指物在定语从句中的作用WhoWhomWhichwhose√√主语主语宾语定语√√√宾语指代整个主句关系副词(where,when)的指代关系指地点指时间在定语从句中的作用WhereWhen√√时间状语地点状语that,why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。tip介词+which2020/2/14非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。如：•a)Rome,whichisthecapitalofItaly,hasaverylonghistory.•意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。2020/2/14•b)YesterdayImetProfessorKing,•whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon.•昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的。•c)Helentmeadictionary,whichwasjustwhatIneeded.•他借给我一本词典，这正是我所需要的。2020/2/14限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。Mycousinwhosefatherisateacherwantstobeanactor.Mycousin,whosefatherisateacher,wantstobeanactor.2020/2/141.A.ThisistheplacewhereIlivedtenyearsago.B.Theschool,whereIoncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.2.A.HeisamanwhoIcanaskforhelp.B.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。2020/2/141.Ihaveasisterwhoworksinahospital.我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。2.Ihaveasister,whoworksinahospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。3.Allthemagazinesherewhichhavebeautifulpicturesinthemwerewrittenbyhim.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。4.Allthemagazineshere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,werewrittenbyhim.所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思（不只一位姐姐）（只有一位姐姐）（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志只有一种）2020/2/14Fillintheblankswithproperrelativewords.1.Thefamousbasketballstar,_____isanAmerican,cametoChinayesterday.2.Inthosedays,sheusedtogotoMrblack,with_____shehadawonderfultime.3.Iboughtacaryesterday,_____costmealot.4.Xi’an,______Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.5.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,_____hewon’tbesobusy.6.Theschool,_______Ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.7.Johnsaidhe’dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_______wastrue.whowhomwhichwhichwhenwherewhich2020/2/14大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而有时非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。eg.Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫,这事令我十分恐惧。eg.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语,令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。2020/2/14Hetoldmeastory,whichisalreadyknowntoall.Hecamelate,whichmadetheteacherangry.Hemissedthemovie,whichwasagreatpity.品读规律Tomfoundtheancientbook,whichwasbroken.Asissaidinthenewspaper,twofarmerssawtheUFOinthefield.Ilikethehouse,whosewindowsfacethesea.先行词指物,在从句中做主或宾语,用关系词which,不能用thatAs引导的非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前，也可放在主句后面。先行词在从句做定语,用关系词whoseThesunrisesintheeast,aseveryoneknows.2020/2/14介词+关系代词,介词的选用,要根据从句的谓语动词的构成。PeoplewillrememberAugust8th,2008,when29thOlympicGameswasheldinBeijing.先行词在从句中做时间状语,用when或介词+which。Cindyisalovelygirl,withwhommanypeopleliketomakefriends.2020/2/14As在引导非限制性定语从句中，可指代整个主句内容，并有“正如、像……一样”的含义，其位置可放在主句前面，也可放在后面。而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，且无“正如”之意。Asweallknow,heisafamousscientist.Asiswellknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.试比较下面两个句子。Hewentabroad,__________wasexpected.Hewentabroad,__________wasunexpected.aswhich当从句是否定句或表示否定意义时，只能用which引导。2020/2/14常与as连用的词有know,see,expect,pointout等。as引导的非限制性定语从句一些固定句型：ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述;asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来的那样;asiswellknown众所周知;aswasexpected正如预料的那样;ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如已经指出的那样;asweallcansee正如我们都会看到的那样2020/2/141.It’sthesamepersonaswewantedtofindyesterday.我们昨天要找的是同一个人。2.SuchgirlsasheknowsaregoodatEnglish.他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。3.Doyouhavesuchbooksaswelike?你有我们喜欢那种书吗？4.Shewillmarryaswealthyamanasshecanfind.她将嫁给她能找到的任何一个有钱人。5.Thereissowarmahouseaswewanttolivein.这里有如此暖和的房子，我们都想住在里面。总结：thesame…as;as…as;such…as;so…as主句中出现thesame,as,such,so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。错漏“摆”出1.PeopleareexcitedtomeetZhaiZhigang,hewasthefirstChinesetowalkinspace.2.ManyChinesewillneverforgetMay12th,2008,whenabigearthquakehappenedinSichuanthen.3.WhichisshownonTV,manychildrensufferedalotfromthepollutedmilk.hewhothen去掉WhichAs错漏“摆”出4.LinHaoisahero,whoweshouldlearn.5.ChinagotthemostgoldmedalsintheOlympics,thatmakespeopleexcited.6.IdreamofgoingtoBeijing,whichthe29thOlympicGameswasheld.whofromwhomthatwhichwhichwhere/inwhichcompetition1.Hangzhouisabeautifulcity,_____________peoplevisitthefamousWestLake.2.Beijing,_________isthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Theyoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,________isapopstar.ExerciseswhichAswhowhere/inwhich5.Ishouldthankmyteacher,with______help,Isolvedtheproblem.6.HeonceworkedontheBird’sNest,___________hissonisproud.whoseofwhich2020/2/14限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标志从句和主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人who(that)whom指物which(that)人和物的whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语）指物which人和物的whose关系代词一般不可省修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子1.Shewasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,ofcourse,_____madetheothersunhappy.A.whichB.whoC.thisD.what2.Afte