高中英语语法-省略句

在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，这种现象叫省略。如：Begyoupardon.Soundslikeagoodidea.（I）Begyoupardon.(It)Soundslikeagoodidea..定义一简单句中的省略1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略Doesn’tmatter.(It)doesn’tmatter.(It)Soundslikeagoodidea.2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。如：（省略主语和谓语）What/How(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?3、省略表语。–Areyouthirsty?–Yes,Iam.Hisbrotherisn’tlazy,norishissister.(thirsty).(lazy).4、同时省略几个成分Let’smeetatthesameplaceasyesterday.(wemet)同时省略主、谓语–Haveyoufinishedyourwork?–Notyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Mybrotherisadoctorandmysister-in-law(is)alawyer.（省略相同的谓语动词）1、两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。Whensummercomes,thedayisgettinglongerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)shorterandshorter.(isgetting)(is)省略相同的谓语动词二并列句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略，如：Sorrytohearyouareill.Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.(I’m)(It’sa)三复合句中的省略－AreyouleavingforBeijingthisSunday?－Ithinkso.soI’mleavingforBeijingthisSunday.－Tommustbefreetoday.－Ifso,hecanhelpus.soheisfree.主句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not来代替－Itisgoingtorain,isn’tit?－Ihopenot.notitisnotgoingtorain.这种用法常见的有：Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso.及Isuppose/believe/hopenot.Whynot?等等。Weallknow(that)theearthrunsaroundthesun.(that)2.宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。Marysaid(that)sheisfromAmericanandthatsheis16yearsold.(that)3.定语从句中的省略在定语从句中，that,which,who在从句中作宾语时可省略。Ihaven’treadthebook(that/which)you’rereading.(that/which)Theman(that/who)yourfatherjusttalkedtoisourEnglishteacher,Mr.Smith.(that/who)4.状语从句中的省略在以when,while,once引导的时间状语从句及以if,unless引导的条件状语从句中和though,although引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语+be”部分。Whenaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.Whenhewasaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.heIfheisfree,Jackwillgowithus.hewasIffree,Jackwillgowithus.heisUnlessinvited,hewon’tcome.Unlessheisinvited,hewon’tcome.heWhileheisdoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.heisWhiledoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.heishe动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be，have,havebeen时，要保留这些词。–Areyougoingthere?–Yes,I’dliketo.Hedidn’tgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto.–Areyouanengineer?–No,butIwantto.–Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.–Well,heoughtto.(gothere).(givemethechance).behave四不定式中的省略Attention!使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。InoticedamantoentertheclassroomwhenIpassedby.Amanwasnoticedtoentertheclassroom.toX这类使役动词及感官动词主要有一“感”:二“听”:三“让”:四“看”:feelhearlistentohavemakeletwatchnoticeobservesee在以if引导的非真实条件句中若含有were,had,should时，常可以省略if而将were,had,should置于句首。WereIyou,I’dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.WereHadIalotofmoney,I’daidthepoorchildren.HadShouldtherebebird-flu,whatwouldwedo?Should虚拟条件句中的省略IfIwereyou,I’dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.IfIhadalotofmoney,I’daidthepoorchildren.Hesuggestweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)在含有表示“命令、要求、建议、许可”或“禁止”等意义的名词性从句中使用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气的，should常可以省略。如：Hissuggestionisthatweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)Theorderthatweshouldstaywhereweareisveryseriousandsevere.(should)It’sveryimportantthatstudentsshouldstudyhardatschool.(should)ExercisesaboutEllipsis.3.Rewritethesesentencesbytakingouttheunnecessaryparts.1.Theburnthatshegotfromtheironwasredanditwasverypainful.(_____)P372.Aboywasontheleftsideofthesickwoman,andagirlwasontherightsideofthesickwoman.3.Shehasadaughterwhoisinhospital.4.Hewenttothedoctorbecausehehadtogotothedoctor.(___________________)(_____)(_____________)5.Didshepassthefirstaidtestthatshedidyesterdayordidn’tshepass?ornot.6.Shecouldnotdecidedwhethertosendhimtohospitalornottosendhimtohospital.7.Whenyournoseisbleeding,youshouldbendforwardsothatthebloodrunsoutofyournoseandtheblooddoesn’trundownyourthroat.8.Onlysomeofthestudentshavedoneafirstaidcoursebutmostofthestudentshaven’tdoneafirstaidcourse.notdownyourthroat.Thesesentencesarecorrect.However,oneormorewordshavebeenleftout.Canyoutellyourpartnerwhichwordsaremissing?1)Thecottagesurroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.Thecottage(whichis)surroundedbyawallbelongstothelocalgovernment.P374.2)ThefirstbookIreadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond.Thefirstbook(that)Ireadthistermwasmoreinterestingthanthesecond(bookthatIreadthisterm).3)Toherteacher’ssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthanexpected.Toherteacher’ssurprise,shedidbetterinherfirstaidexamthan(shewas)expected(todo).4)Idon’tthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave.Idon’tthinktheyhavereturnedfromthehospital,buttheymighthave(returnedfromthehospital).5)Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidn’t.Hewantedtohelptheaccidentvictimbuthisfrienddidn’t(wanttohelptheaccidentvictim).6)Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto.Youcanborrowmyfirstaidnotesifyouwantto(borrowmyfirstaidnotes).I.Choosethebestanswers.1)----Tomorrowisaholiday.Whyareyoudoingyourhomework?-----IamdoingtheseexercisesnowsothatIwon’thave_____onSunday.A.itB.themC.forD.to2)----ShallIinviteAnntomybirthdaypartytomorrowevening?----Yes.It’llbefineifyou______.A.areB.canC.inviteD.do3)----Aren’tyouthemanager?----No,andI______A.don’twanttoB.don’twanttobeC.don’twantbeD.don’twant4)---I’llbeawayonabusinesst