口译课件2

第二讲口译中的小技巧SpecificContents一数字口译InterpretingNumeralsForaninterpreter,oneofthedifficultiesintransferenceofthemessageisfigures.ForaChineseinterpreter,thedifficultiesaregreater.ThereasonisthatthebasiccountingunitsaredifferentinChineseandinEnglish.Themaindifferencesofcountingunits1.InChinese,inadditionto“个位”,“十位”,“百位”,“千位”,thereisaname“万”forafive-digitnumberand“亿”foranine-digitnumber.HenceChinese”一万”mustberenderedinto“十千”(tenthousand)inEnglish,and“十万”into“一百千”(onehundredthousand)2.InEnglish,thenamesofthedigitsarebasedongroupsofthreezeroes.Thefirstgroupofthreezeroes(1,000)iscalledthousand,thesecond(1,000,000)million,thethird(1,000,000,000)billion.ComparisonofCountingUnits个十百千Onetenhundredthousand万10thousand十万百万100thousandmillion千万亿十亿10million100millionbillionNote-takingofnumbers1.听到中文,写下阿拉伯数字,然后用”三分法”标记,读出英语.例:听到”一亿两千五百万”写下125000000,标记为:125,000,0002.听到英语,写下阿拉伯数字,然后用”四分法”标记,读出中文例:听到:sevenhundredsixtythreemilliontwohundrednineteenthousandeighthundredandtwelve,写下:763219812标记为7,6321,9812读出：七亿六千三百二十一万九千八百十二b,m,th,十千百十亿，亿万万，万万千，百十个2，863，589，5，370，400数学符号31%---thirty-onepercent71.3*---seventy-onepointthreedegrees0.631---(nought/zero)pointsixthreeone0.0009%---zero/noughtoooninepercent98.53---ninety-eightpointfivethree+31/2(3/7)---plusthreeandahalf(threesevenths)-51/4---minusfiveandaquarter1/x---oneoverxy2---ysquaredk3---kcubed()---roundbrackets;parentheses[]---squarebrackets{}---braces;curlybrackets1/2onehalf1/4onequarter1/5one-fifth1/3one-third3/4three-fourths5/9five-ninths2/6two-sixths9/10nine-tenths3/1000three-thousandths26/95twentysixoverninety-five79/53seventy-nineoverfifty-three九又四分之一nineandaquarter五又三分之二fiveandtwo-thirds零点七万（0.7万）：7，000orseventhousand零点八五亿（0.85亿）：85，000，000oreighty-fivemillion三十六点零九万（36.09万）：360，900orthreehundredandsixtythousand,ninehundred模糊数字twomilesorso;somethirtypersons;moreorlessfortypages;roundabouteighto’clock;somewhereaboutfourprovinces1Interpretingapproximatenumber(大约）“约”“大约”“大概”“来”“左右”：about;around;roughly;approximately;some;moreorless;intheneighborhood;orso;orthereabout;intherough.大约二百美元/二百美元左右：about/around/some/roughlytwohundreddollars大约五十来岁：around/aboutfiftyyearsold2Interpretingnumberssmallerthanroundnumbers(少于）“小于”“少于”“低于”“不到”“不及”“不足”“以下”“以内”“以里”fewerthan;lessthan;under;below;within不到一千美元:lessthan/under/belowonethousanddollars3Interpretingnumbersmorethanroundnumbers(多于）“多于”“大于”“高于”“超过”“多”“几”“以上”morethan;over;above;upwardsof;(beforethenumber)andmore;odd;andodd;(afterthenumber)十几天：morethan/abovetendays;tendaysandmore/andodd4Interpretingnumberswiththemeaningof“nearly”(将近）“近”“快”“将近”“接近”“几乎”“差不多”“差一点”“差一点不到”nearly;almost;toward;closeon快八点：nearly/almosteighto’clock将近五十岁：nearly/almost/towardfiftyyearsold十几个---nomore/lessthantwenty;overadozen几十个---dozensof几百个---hundredsof成千上万---thousandsof几十万---hundredsofthousandsof数以百万计---millionsof亿万---hundredsofmillionsof倍数倍数的增多AisfivetimesasmuchasB.fivefold400%greaterthanfourtimesgreater/morethanThereisa400%increasewhenwecompareBwithA.倍数的减少aisntimesassmall（light，slow，…）asb.aisntimessmaller（lighter，slower，…)thanb.a的大小（重量，速度，……）是b的1/ndecreasentimes/n--folddecreasebyntimesdecreasebyafactorofn减少到1/ndecrease常被reduce，shorten，go／slowdown等词替代。量词一班人abunchofyoungsters一帮匪徒aband/packofgangsters一队学生abody/crocodileofstudents/pupils一部文学作品aworkofliterature一群蚂蚁aswarmofants一群鸽子aflockofpigeons一群马aherdofhorses一道亮光abeamoflight一顿面条amealofnoodles一番好意apieceofkindness一缸咸菜ajarofsalted/preservedvegetables/pickles一派胡言apackofnonsense二笔记Note-takinginInterpretingTheimportanceoftakingnotesininterpretingOurshort-termmemoryalonecannotretaintheamountofinformationthespeakergivesintheactofinterpreting.Weneedtoemployothermeanstohelpwithourretainingandretrievalofinformation.Notesareanaidtoenhancetheworkofunderstanding,analysisandre-expression,thethreeactivitiesofconsecutiveinterpreting.Themainuseofnotesistorelievememory.Althoughaninterpretermayhaveunderstoodthemainideasofaspeech,itisalmostimpossibleforhim/hertorecallalltheelementsofafive-minutespeech,particularlyifitcontainsnumbers,names,lists,sincesuchelementscannotberecalledonthebasisofanalysisandlogic.Basicguidelinesfornote-takinginCIUseA15cmX20cmstenographer'snote-pad;avoidloosesheets.Writeonlyononesideofthesheets;useagoodoldleadpencil.Notesshouldbeeasilyreadable,bewellspreadonthepage,writteninlargecharacters,andonesinglesentencecanevenoccupyonesheet.Notesmustbeunequivocal:forinstance,anarrowpointingupward↗mustbealwaysusedtorepresentoneidea.Avoidinventingsymbolsorabbreviationsinthecourseofaconference.WriteyournotesverticallyUseabbreviationsUsewhateverlanguagethatcomestoyourmindUseasmanysymbolsasyoufeelcomfortablewithWhattonoteTakedownthemainpointsofthespeech,togetherwithanyamountofminordetailsyoucouldmanage(口译笔记的对象：概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系)Somesuggestedsymbolsusedinnote-taking+(good,strong)－(bad,weak)(smallerthan)(biggerthan)≤(smallerorequal）≥(biggerorequal）=（equal）≠(notequal)≈(approximatelyequal)×(wrong,negative)V(