book7-Unit-4-Sharing--grammar-语法

Unit4SharingAttributiveClause(restrictive)复习限制性定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关联词有：1、定语从句的定义关系代词：that，who,whomwhose,which关系副词：when,where，why2、定语从句的位置定语从句一定放在被修饰成分/先行词之后。e.g.Thisisthecarthatheboughtlastyear.先行词定语从句Doyouknowtheman?Hespokejustnow.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?3、关系代词的用法关系代词指代所做成分是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose人；物主语，宾语作宾语可省物主语；宾语作宾语可省人主语不可省人宾语作宾语可省人；物定语不可省4、关系副词指代所做成分是否可省略when时间状语否where地点状语否why原因状语否关系副词1.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itChoosethebestanswers:2.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose3.What’sthenameoftheman____?A.youborrowedhiscarB.whichcaryouborrowedC.whosecaryouborrowedD.hiscaryouborrowed4.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers____shehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that解析：答案A先行词hertrousers在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词where。5.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet______lifehasdevelopedgradually.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.whose填空：1.Lookatthatlady______nameisPochi.2.Sheisateacher_________Ilikeverymuch.3.Thosepictures_________weredrawnbyTomarenice.4.Those_____willgototheparkstayhere.5.Thatwasallthemoney______Ihad.whosewhom/thatwhich/thatwhothat6.Thatwastheyear_____IwenttoAmerica.when一、1、Doyouhaveanything__youwanttosayforyourself?2、Thisistheverybook__I’mlookingfor.3、Thisisthebest__hasbeenusedagainstpollution.4、WhatisthefirstAmericanfilm__youhaveseen?5、Iknowthethingsandpersons__hereferredto.6、Whichisthebike__youlost?7、Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactorywhichproducedthings__couldcausepollution只用that的情况1.当先行词是不定代词allmuch.little.something.everything.anything.nothing.none.theone时2.当先行词前面有only.any.few.little.no.all.very等词修饰时3.当先行词是形容词最高级或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时4.当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时5.当先行词既有人又有物时6.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时7.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用that注意事项1.Pleasetakethesecondchair_______isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that2.Isoxygentheonlygas__helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it3.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.（NMET98’)A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that5.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether6.Isthereanythingelse_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what4.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity___Iknow.A.ItB.whereC.thatD.Which7.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose____intheforest.A.oncethegrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew.8.Idon’tlike____youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.inthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich填空：1.Tomisthefirstboy_____lefttheroom.2.Lookattheboyandhisdog_____arecomingthisway.3.Youcanreadanybook_____Ihave.thatthatthat二.使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1.这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when=on(in,at,during…)+which;where=in(at,on…)+which;why=forwhich.如：1）Istillrememberthedayswhen(=＿＿＿＿＿＿)Iworkedwithyou.2）Theofficewhere(=＿＿＿＿＿)heworksisonthethirdfloor.onwhichinwhich2.介词+关系代词的情况Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.Arethesetwosentencesright?toin××可见,who,that不能用于介词之后。3.在介词＋whom/which结构中,介词的选择Iwillneverforgettheday____whichIreachedtheGreatWall.Tellmethetime_____whichthetrainleaves.根据先行词来判断onat1.Thisisthehero____whomweareproud.A.inB.forC.ofD.at2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.tothatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhombeproudof;turntosb.forhelp根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判断4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,______________(2/3的人)havebeentoBeijing.two-thirdsofwhom5.whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.三、当先行词是case,point，situation,condition,stage,position等表示抽象的地方、地步、条件、形势、环境、地位等含义的名词时，我们通常使用关系副词where。Therearecases_______hegetsangry.A.whichB.thatC.inthatD.where解析：他也有生气的时候。定语从句选关系词三步骤：第一：找出先行词；第二：把先行词还原到从句中，判断先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、定语或状语）;第三:选择合适的关系词。答题技巧小结：1.Theman______Isawtoldmetowait.2.Themanto_____Ispokewasaforeigner.3.Iknowaboy______fatherisanacrobat.(杂技演员)4.Hesawahouse_____windowswereallbroken.综合练习：Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,whichandthat.who/whomwhomwhosewhose5.Alltheapples____fallareeatenbywildboars.(野猪）6.Canyouthinkofanyone____couldlookafterhim?7.Thisisthebesthotel____Iknow.8.Heshowedamachine_____partsaretoosmalltobeseen.thatthatthatwhose翻译1.他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。Heshowedmetheplacewherehelosthiswallet.2.我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。Idon’tknowthegirlwhom/thatyouspeakto.3.她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。SheisagirlwhoiscalledMary.4.那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。Thoseboyswhoareplayingtennisaremyfriends.5.你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天?Doyourememberthedaywhenwearrivedhere?Fillintheblankswithcorrectrelativepronoun/adverbtocompletethefollowingpassage语法填空IsaacAsimovwasanAmericanscientistandwriter1_______wrotearound480books2__________includedmysterystories,scienceandhistorybooks,andevenbooksabouttheBibleandaboutShakespeare.Buthisbestknownworkwashissciencefictionstories.Asimovhadbothanextraordinaryimagination3___________gavehimtheabilitytoexplorefutureworldsandanamazingmindwith4_________hesearchedforexplanationsofeverything,inthepresentandthepast.Asimov’slifebeganinRussia,5________hewasbornon2January,1920.ItendedinNewYorkon6April,1992,6_________hediedasar