硕士英语综合教程2课后答案

硕士英语综合教程2Unit1HumanbasedStrategyTextASuccessfulOrganizationsPutPeopleFirst→I.BackgroundInformation1.HowardSchultz(bornJuly19,1953)isanAmericanbusinessman,andentrepreneurbestknownasthechairmanandCEOofStarbucksandaformerowneroftheSeattleSuperSonics.SchultzcofoundedMaveron,aninvestmentgroup,in1998withDanLevitan.In2006,ForbesMagazinerankedSchultzasthe354thrichestpersonintheUnitedStates,withanetworthof$1.1billiondollars.2.W.L.Gore&Associates,Inc.isamanufacturingcompanyspecializinginproductsderivedfromfluoropolymers.ItisaprivatelyheldcorporationheadquarteredinNewark,Delaware,withoperationsaroundtheglobe.Althoughbestknownasthedeveloperofwaterproof,breathableGoreTexfabrics,Gore’sproductsarealsousedinavarietyofindustrialandconsumerproducts,suchaselectronicsignaltransmission,diverseindustrialapplicationsandmedicalimplants.3.HewlettPackardCompanycommonlyreferredtoasHP,isanAmericanmultinationalinformationtechnologycorporationheadquarteredinPaloAlto,California,USA.ThecompanywasfoundedinaonecargarageinPaloAltobyBillHewlettandDavePackard,andisnowoneoftheworld’slargestinformationtechnologycompanies,operatinginnearlyeverycountry.HPspecializesindevelopingandmanufacturingcomputing,datastorage,andnetworkinghardware,designingsoftwareanddeliveringservices.Majorproductlinesincludepersonalcomputingdevices,enterpriseservers,relatedstoragedevices,aswellasadiverserangeofprintersandotherimagingproducts.HPmarketsitsproductstohouseholds,smalltomediumsizedbusinessesandenterprisesdirectlyaswellasviaonlinedistribution,consumerelectronicsandofficesupplyretailers,softwarepartnersandmajortechnologyvendors.4.LincolnElectricisacompanyinCleveland,Ohio,UnitedStatesthatmanufacturesarcweldingequipmentandconsumables,plasmaandoxyfuelcuttingequipmentandroboticweldingsystems.Theyareaworldwideleaderinproductionofweldingproductsandhavesubsidiarycompaniesaroundtheglobe.Itwasfoundedin1895byJohnC.Lincolnwithacapitalinvestmentof$200tomakeelectricmotorshehaddesigned.Asof2008,LincolnElectricHoldingsislistedas820amongtheFortune1000.LincolnElectric’sbusinessmodelhasbeenfeaturedinmanycasestudiesbybusinessschoolsaroundtheworld.Since1975,eightcaseshavebeenwrittenaboutLincolnElectricbyHarvardBusinessSchool.AmongLincolnElectric’ssubsidiariesisTheHarrisProductsGroup,whichisasignificantmanufacturerofWeldingConsumables,GasApparatus,andotherSpecialtyProducts.TheHarrisProductsGrouphasmanufacturingfacilitiesinGeorgia,Ohio,California,Poland,Mexico,andItaly.5.StarbucksCorporationisaninternationalcoffeeandcoffeehousechainbasedinSeattleWashington.Starbucksisthelargestcoffeehousecompanyintheworld,withover17,800storesin49countries,includingover11,000intheUnitedStates,nearly1,000inCanadaandmorethan800inJapan.Starbuckssellsdripbrewedcoffee,espressobasedhotdrinks,otherhotandcolddrinks,coffeebeans,salads,hotandcoldsandwichesandpanini,pastries,snacks,anditemssuchasmugsandtumblers.6.PikePlaceMarketisapublicmarketoverlookingtheElliottBaywaterfrontinSeattle,Washington,UnitedStates.TheMarketopenedAugust17,1907,andisoneoftheoldestcontinuallyoperatedpublicfarmers’marketsintheUnitedStates.Itisaplaceofbusinessformanysmallfarmers,craftspeopleandmerchants.Namedafterthecentralstreet,PikePlacerunsnorthwestfromPikeStreettoVirginiaStreet,andremainsoneofSeattle’smostpopulartouristdestinations.→II.Languagepoints1.Astutemanagershavecometolearnthattheirorganization’semployeesareitsonlytruecompetitiveadvantage.(Para.2)Clevermanagershaverealizedthattheirorganization’semployeesareitsonlyadvantagetocompetewithothers.astute:verycleverandquickatseeingwhattodoinaparticularsituation,especiallyhowtogetanadvantagee.g.Itwasanastutemovetosellallthesharesjustthen.2.Butwhat’sfarmoredifficulttoemulateisaworkforcemadeupofhighlyknowledgeableandmotivatedpeople.(Para.2)Butitishardforanorganizationtoobtainaworkforcewhichisfullofhighlyknowledgeableandmotivatedemployees.emulate:trytodosth.aswellassb.elsebecauseyouadmiretheme.g.Shehopestoemulatehersister’ssportingachievements.3.Peoplefirstorganizationsempowertheiremployees.(Para.3)Theorganizationsthatputpeoplefirstwillinvesttheirpowertotheiremployees.empower:investwithpower,especiallylegalpowerorofficialauthoritye.g.Thecourtswereempoweredtoimposethedeathsentenceforcertaincrimes.4.Organizationsthatputpeoplefirsthaveamorededicatedandcommittedworkforce.(Para.4)Organizationsthatputpeoplefirsthaveamoredevotedandloyalworkforce.dedicated:whollycommittedtoaparticularcourseofthoughtoractione.g.Sheisdedicatedtoherjob.5.Theseemployeesarewillingtoputforththeextraeffort—todowhateverisnecessarytoseethattheirjobsaredoneproperlyandcompletely.(Para.4)Theseemployeesarewillingtoexerttheirextraefforttotheirjob,andtryeverymeanstoensurethattheirjobsareaccomplishedcompletely.putforth:bringtobear;exerte.g.Atleastputforthasemblanceofeffortwhenyouscrubthefloor.6.Sinceitsinception,ithasbeentheStarbucksemployeeswhohavehelpeddrivethesuccessofthecompany.(Para.8)Sincethebeginning,itwasStarbucksemployeeswhomadethecompanybecomesuccessful.inception:thebeginningofsomethinge.g.Theclubhasgrownrapidlysinceitsin