where-I-lived,-and-what-I-lived-for

WhereILived,andWhatILivedFor我生活的地方；我为何生活summary•WaldenisanAmericanbookwrittenbynotedtranscendentalistHenryDavidThoreau,areflectionuponsimplelivinginnaturalsurroundings.Theworkispartpersonaldeclarationofindependence,socialexperiment,voyageofspiritualdiscovery,satire,andmanualforself-reliance.ItdetailsThoreau'sexperiencesoverthecourseoftwoyears,twomonths,andtwodaysinacabinhebuiltnearWaldenPond.Thebookcompressesthetimeintoasinglecalendaryearandusespassagesoffourseasonstosymbolizehumandevelopment.Byimmersinghimselfinnature,Thoreauhopedtogainamoreobjectiveunderstandingofsocietythroughpersonalintrospection.Simplelivingandself-sufficiencywereThoreau'sothergoals,andthewholeprojectwasinspiredbytranscendentalistphilosophy,acentralthemeoftheAmericanRomanticPeriod.SETTINGThisisabookofquiet,indifferent,fullofwisdom，Analysisoflife,criticalpractices,amazinglanguage,wordflash,maverick,thoughtprovoking.Manypageimagesaredepicting,beautiful,andtheyarelikepureandtransparentwater;likedensegreenWoods;alsosomepagesarguethoroughly,whichareveryinsightfulandgivepeopleenlightenment.这是一本宁静、恬淡、充满智慧的书。其中分析生活，批判习俗处，语语惊人，字字闪光，见解独特，耐人寻味。许多篇页是形象描绘，优美细致，像湖水的纯洁透明，像山林的茂密翠绿；也有一些篇页说理透彻，十分精辟，给人启迪。Thisisafresh,healthy,interestingandprogressivebook;spring,dawn,therearealotofextremelyaffectingdescriptions.Herenaturegivesclearairwithoutenvironmentalpollutionofindustrialsociety.Readit,readerswillfeelthepurityofthesoul,thesublimationofspirit.这是一本清新、健康、引人向上的书，对于春天，对于黎明，都有极其动人的描写。这里有大自然给人的澄净的空气，而无工业社会带来的环境污染。读着它，读者自然会感觉到心灵的纯净，精神的升华。•ThegreatnessoftheWaldenisThoreaulcanachievethingsthathewantsthroughart.•Bycreatinganorganicform,hemakeshisdecisiontogetrenewedthroughconsciouseffort;heregainedamaturetranquil,ifthatisnotpureecstasyofthegoldenage.•IfThoreauleftusjustarecordthatamanlivedintheforest,orhejustretiredtotheforest,whereherecordedhiscomplaintsaboutsociety.Eventhatifhewantstoputinthebook,thentheWaldenPondwillnothavethelifeof100years.Inthisarticle,theauthorusedtheskillofmetaphor,personification,comparison,exaggeration,pastoralandsoontodescribeabeautifulnaturalsceneryatthesideoflake.theauthorusedthemethodofthefirst-personnarrativeandthedetaildescriptionshowsthewonderfulnature.Atthesametime,inthearticle,theauthorusedthetechniqueofpsychologicaldescriptionwritingthefeelingofhimselfbythelifeexperienceinthenature,combinedwiththereferencesandsatireinthearticle,leadingreaderstothethinkingabouttheinfluenceofgrowingexasperateindustrializationsocial.Forthefirstweek,wheneverIlookedoutonthepond(湖水）itimpressedmelikeatarn（龙潭）highuponthesideofamountain,itsbottomfarabovethesurfaceofotherlakes,and,asthesunarose,Isawitthrowingoffitsnightlyclothingofmist,andhereandthere,bydegrees,itssoftripples（波纹）oritssmoothreflectingsurfacewasrevealed,whilethemists,likeghosts,werestealthilywithdrawingineverydirectionintothewoods,asatthebreakingupofsomenocturnalconventicle（夜间的秘密宗教集会）.在第一个星期内，无论什么时候我凝望着湖水，湖给我的印象都好像山里的一泓龙潭，高高在山的一边，它的底还比别的湖沼的水平面高了不少，以至日出的时候，我看到它脱去了夜晚的雾衣，它轻柔的粼波，或它波平如镜的湖面，都渐渐地在这里那里呈现了，这时的雾，像幽灵偷偷地从每一个方向，退隐入森林中，又好像是一个夜间的秘密宗教集会散会了一样。Inthisparagraph,theauthorusedtheskillofmetaphorandpersonification,vividlydecribingapicture,thequietlakeandtheunearthlymist.what'smore,theuseoftheskilladdedtothenatureofamysteryfeelingwhichmakespeoplelookforwardtoit.Thissmalllakewasofmostvalueasaneighborintheintervalsofagentlerain-storminAugust,when,bothairandwaterbeingperfectlystill,buttheskyovercast,mid-afternoonhadalltheserenityofevening,andthewoodthrushsangaround,andwasheardfromshoretoshore.Alakelikethisisneversmootherthanatsuchatime八月里，在轻柔的斜凤细雨暂停的时候，这小小的湖做我的邻居，最为珍贵，那时水和空气都完全平静了，天空中却密布着乌云，下午才过了一半却已具备了一切黄昏的肃穆，而画眉在四周唱歌，隔岸相闻。这样的湖，再没有比这时候更平静的了Inthisparagraph,themeticulousdescriptionofthescenerydrawabeautifulpicture.theauthorusedtheskillofpersonificationwritingtheconditionsofauthorhimselfgraduallyblendinginnatureandadaptingtothenature.atthesametime,thescenerydescriptionbycomparingtechniqueandsounddescriptionshowthequietandharmonyofnature.Kieou-he-yu(greatdignitaryofthestateofWei)sentamantoConfuciustoknowhisnews.Confuciuscausedthemessengertobeseatednearhim,andquestionedhimintheseterms:Whatisyourmasterdoing?Themessengeransweredwithrespect:Mymasterdesirestodiminishthenumberofhisfaults,buthecannotcometotheendofthem.Themessengerbeinggone,thephilosopherremarked:Whataworthymessenger!蓬伯玉（卫大夫）派人到孔子那里去。孔子与之坐而问焉。曰：夫子何为？对曰：夫子欲寡其过而未能也。使者出。子曰：使乎，使乎。Inthisparagraph,theauthorusedtheskillofquotetoshowthatthereareveryfewimportantcommunicationsmadethroughit.Astheauthorsaid,eneverneedreadofanother.Oneisenough.Ifyouareacquaintedwiththeprinciple,whatdoyoucareforamyriadinstancesandapplications?Theauthorlivedalonelakesideinhiscabinwhichisbuildedbyhisown,watching,listening,dreamingandfeeling,Theauthorinthelifeofthe26months,hands-onpracticedthesimplewayoflifethatheadvocated,then,hewrotethefamousbookwalden.Throughthisbook,theauthorexpressedthepursuittoapeaceful,comfort,simplelifeandhopedtobeabletobeawayfromthecrowedcityandhaveacalm,quietstateofmindintheincreasinglydevelopederaInmyfirstandthelastppt,whatItalkabout?