毛概期末考试知识点

ThelastleafO.HenryScene2ByTeam2Thebackground•JohnsyandSueareartistswhomoveintoGreenwichVillageinNewYorkCity.AsWinterapproachesandtheweathergetscolder,Johnsybecomesillwithpneumonia.Shegetssosickthatshebelievesthatwhenthelastleaffallsfromthevineoutsideherwindow,shewilldie.•shelay,scarcelymoving,onherpaintedironbedstead,lookingthroughthesmallDutchwindow-panesattheblanksideofthenextbrickhouse.3•一天早晨，那个忙碌的医生扬了扬他那毛茸茸的灰白色眉毛，把苏叫到外边的走廊上。•OnemorningthebusydoctorinvitedSueintothehallwaywithabushy,greyeyebrow.4•“我看，她的病只有一成希望，”他说，“这一成希望在于她自己要不要活下去。你的这位小姐满肚子以为自己不会好了。她有什么心事吗？”•Shehasonechanceinten,hesaid,Andthatchanceisforhertowanttolive.Yourlittleladyhasmadeuphermindthatshe'snotgoingtogetwell.Hassheanythingonhermind?5•“她——她希望有一天能够去画那不勒斯海湾。”苏艾说•She-shewantedtopainttheBayofNaplessomeday.saidSue.6•“绘画？——别瞎扯了！她心里有没有值得想两次的事情。比如说，男人？”•Paint?-bosh!Hassheanythingonhermindworththinkingtwice-amanforinstance?7•“男人？”“男人难道值得......不，医生，没有这样的事。”•Aman?saidSue,Isamanworth-but,no,doctor;thereisnothingofthekind.8•“能达到的全部力量去治疗她。可要是我的病人开始算计会有多少辆马车送她出丧，我就得把治疗的效果减掉百分之五十。”医生走后，苏艾走进工作室里哭了。后来她手里拿着画板，装做精神抖擞的样子走进琼西的屋子，嘴里吹着爵士音乐调子。•Well,saidthedoctor.Iwilldoallthatsciencecanaccomplish.ButwhenevermypatientbeginstocountthecarriagesinherfuneralprocessionIsubtract50percentfromthecurativepowerofmedicines.AfterthedoctorhadgoneSuewentintotheworkroomandcried.ThensheswaggeredintoJohnsy'sroomwithherdrawingboard,whistlingragtime.readingPleasetellmethefourelementsofthisscenetime,place,persons,eventtheSecondScenePara.3-8•time--------Onemorning,inNovember•place------•persons--Doctor,Sue,Johnsy•event----ThedoctortoldSuethatJohnsyneededastrongwilltoliveon.•Thedoctor-----anefficientandtruthfulexperttheSecondScenePara.3-8•Accordingtothedoctor,howwouldJohnsybeabletorecoverfrompneumonia?•WhathadbeenJohnsy’sambitionbeforeshefellill?•HowdidSuewentintoJohnsy’sroom?Why?theSecondScenePara.3-8ittrulytouchedtheheartofitsaudience.。直击作者~欧亨利•O.Henry’swritingstyleislivelyandinteresting,heisgoodatusingpuns(双关语)andhomophonic(谐音),hishumorousuasgeofwordshaswinnedhimthenameof[tearfulsmile](含泪的微笑).Healsohasanaccuratedescriptionofdetails,manufacturingandreproducingtheatmosphere(再现气氛)Subtract减去扣除常用短语.subtractfrom1，Ifyousubtract3from5,youget2.2，Itissaidthecorporationhasalreadysubtractanumberofexpendituresfromthetotalcost;yetitstillrunsashighas300milliondollars.联想——makeasubtraction做减法Whistle吹口哨•1,v•Hewaswhistlingsoftlytohimself2,vThisdogiswelltrained—she'llcomerunningbacktomeeverytimeIwhistletoher.3,nHegavealowwhistle.Merry高兴的愉悦的•1，adjBeforeshehadalwaysbeensolivelyandmerry,nowshejustsatupinbed,staringoutofthewindow.2,联想——MerryChristmas圣诞快乐Makemerry作乐，尽情欢乐WritingtechniquesappreciationThesecondpart(paragraph3—8）Writingtechniquesappreciation•metaphor（比喻）•personification（拟人）•euphemism（委婉）•pun（双关）•irony（反语）•oxymoron（矛盾修饰）•zeugma（轭式搭配）•transferredepithet（移位修饰）•alliteration（头韵）•climax（渐进）metaphor（比喻）•mylove'slikeared,redrose.我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。•Hejumpedasifhehadbeenstung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来personification（拟人）•把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人•Thistimefatewassmilingtohim.这一次命运朝他微笑了。•Thewindwhistledthroughthetrees.风穿过树丛，树叶哗哗作响pun（双关）•用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。•Acannonballtookoffhislegs,sohelaiddownhisarms.(arms可指手臂或者武器)一发炮弹打断了他的腿，所以他缴械投降了。euphemism（委婉）•用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。•用tofallasleep;toceasethinking;topassaway;togotoheaven;toleaveus代替todie•用seniorcitizens代替oldpeople•用aslowlearner或者anunderachiever代替astupidpupil•用weightwatcher代替fatpeopleirony（反语）•使用与真正意义相反的词，正话反说或者反话正说，从对立的角度运用词义来产生特殊的效果。oxymoron（矛盾修饰）•把相互矛盾的两个词用在一起的修辞方法。它利用词义表面的相互矛盾使表层的不和谐统一在思想内容的深层，从而揭示事物对立统一的本质特征，达到加深印象的目的。•Shereadthelong-awaitedletterwithatearfulsmile.她带着含泪的微笑读那封盼望已久的信。•Thecoachhadtobecrueltobekindtohistrainees.教练为了对他的受训者仁慈就要对他们残酷。zeugma（轭式搭配）•把适用于某一事物的词语顺势用到另外一事物上的方法。在同一个句子里一个词可以修饰或者控制两个或更多的词，它可以使语言活泼，富有幽默感。•Sheopenedthedoorandherhearttothehomelessboy.她对那无家可归的男孩打开了房门，也敞开了胸怀。•AsIlefthomeafterbreakfast,Ishiveredinwardlyaswellasoutwardly.早餐之后我离开家的时候，我的里里外外都在颤抖。transferredepithet（移位修饰）•将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词。•Therewasashort,thoughtfulsilence.出现了一阵短暂的、令人沉思的寂静。•Theoldmanputareassuringhandonmyshoulder.老人把一只令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上。alliteration（头韵）•两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头就构成头韵。•LongandloudlylittleLilylaughed.小莉莉长时间地、大声地笑着。•Thewindowswavedviolentlyinthewind.窗户在风中剧烈地摇动。•Thesunsankslowly.太阳慢慢地下沉。climax（渐进）•根据事物的逻辑关系，由小到大，由轻到重，由浅到深，由低到高，由少到多依次渐进地进行描述或论述。这种整齐的结构可以使人们的思想认识一层层深化提高，增强语言的感染力和说服力。•Icame;Isaw;Iconquer.我来了；我看到了；我征服。•Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.读书使人充实；交谈使人机智；写作使人精确。Paragraph3•OnemorningthebusydoctorinvitedSueintothehallwaywithabushy,grayeyebrow.•Describlestheappearanceofthedoctor,aythesametimeindicatesthatthedoctorisoldbutenergetic.Paragraph4•Shehasonechanceinten,hesaid.Andthatchanceisforhertowanttolive.Yourlittleladyhasmadeuphermindthatshe'snotgoingtogetwell.Hassheanythingonhermind?•Coreference(指代）：meansthatsheonlyhastenpercentopportunitytogothroughtheillness.Paragraph6•Paint?--bosh!Hassheanythingonhermindworththinkingabouttwice--aman,forinstance?•Coreference