药理学复习题

《药理学》复习题一、单项选择题：在每小题给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中，只有一个最佳答案。请将正确选项的字母填在题后的括号内。1、受体激动药的特点是············································································（）A、对受体有亲和力，有内在活性B、对受体无亲和力，有内在活性C、对受体有亲和力，无内在活性D、对受体无亲和力，无内在活性E、促进传出神经末梢释放递质2、副作用是在哪种剂量下产生的不良反应A、最小有效量B、治疗剂量C、大剂量D、阈剂量E、与剂量无关3、药物的半数致死量（LD50）是指·····························································（）A、杀死半数病原微生物的剂量B、引起半数动物死亡的剂量C、致死剂量的一半D、使半数动物产生毒性反应的剂量E、最小有效量与最小中毒量的一半4、大多数药物通过生物膜的转运方式是·······················································（）A、主动转运B、被动转运C、易化扩散D、滤过E、经离子通道5、药物半衰期主要取决于其······································································（）A、剂量B、消除速率C、给药途径D、给药间隔E、分布容积6、首关消除常发生的给药途径是································································（）A、口服B、肌注C、舌下含服D、静注E、皮下注射7、用于治疗青光眼的药物是······································································（）A、阿托品B、肾上腺素C、东莨菪碱D、异丙肾上腺素E、毛果芸香碱8、新斯的明禁用于··················································································（）A、机械性肠梗阻B、术后腹气胀C、术后尿潴留D、阵发性室上性心动过速E、重症肌无力9、治疗重症肌无力应首选·········································································（）A、毒扁豆碱B、肾上腺素C、毛果芸香碱D、新斯的明E、酚妥拉明10、阿托品类药中毒时可用下列哪个药解救···················································（）A、速尿B、酚妥拉明C、毛果芸香碱D、新斯的明E、肾上腺素11、阿托品治疗胃肠绞痛，病人伴有口干、皮肤干燥、面红等反应称为···············（）A、兴奋作用B、副作用C、毒性反应D、继发作用E、变态反应12、阿托品类药禁用于··············································································（）A、虹膜睫状体炎B、消化性溃疡C、青光眼D、胆绞痛E、窦性心动过缓13、具有中枢抑制作用的M受体阻断药是····················································（）A、阿托品B、山莨菪碱C、东莨菪碱D、后马托品E、丙胺太林14、治疗胃肠绞痛应首选下列哪个药····························································（）A、吗啡B、阿托品C、阿司匹林D、后马托品E、毛果芸香碱15、山莨菪碱主要用于治疗········································································（）A、虹膜炎B、胃肠绞痛和感染性休克C、心动过速D、青光眼E、晕动病16、过量最易引起心律失常、心室颤动的药物是·············································（）A、肾上腺素B、多巴胺C、异丙肾上腺素D、间羟胺E、麻黄碱17、对伴有心肌收缩力减弱及尿量减少而血容量已补足的中毒性休克患者最好选用（）A、多巴胺B、肾上腺素C、麻黄碱D、异丙肾上腺素E、去甲肾上腺素18、肾上腺素作用于下列哪些受体可引起心血管作用·······································（）A、β1β2受体B、α，β1受体C、α，β2受体D、α，β1β2受体E、α1α2受体19、麻黄碱预防支气管哮喘时出现的中枢症状是该药的····································（）A、过敏反应B、毒性反应C、副作用D、继发反应E、后遗效应20、青霉素引起的过敏性休克，抢救时应首选················································（）A、去甲肾上腺素B、多巴胺C、异丙肾上腺素D、间羟胺E、肾上腺素21、氯丙嗪在剂量过大时引起的低血压可用下列哪个药纠正·····························（）A、肾上腺素B、多巴胺C、异丙肾上腺素D、去甲肾上腺素E、麻黄碱22、普萘洛尔能诱发下列哪种严重反应而禁用于伴有此疾病的患者····················（）A、精神抑郁B、消化性溃疡C、支气管哮喘D、贫血E、高脂血症23、肾上腺素的升压作用可被酚妥拉明·························································（）A、减弱B、加强C、不变D、翻转E、以上均不对24、用于外周血管痉挛性疾病的药物是·························································（）A、多巴胺B、酚妥拉明C、东莨菪碱D、普萘洛尔E、哌唑嗪25、长期使用β受体阻断剂突然停药可产生···················································（）A、心动过缓B、血压过低C、支气管哮喘D、反跳现象E、血糖过低26、下列关于苯二氮类药物的叙述哪项是错误的··········································（）A、是目前最常用的镇静催眠药B、治疗焦虑症C、可用于心脏电复律前给药D、长期应用不会产生耐受性和依赖性E、治疗小儿高热惊厥27、关于地西泮的错误叙述是·····································································（）A、大剂量不引起麻醉B、小于镇静剂量即产生抗焦虑作用C、久用产生依赖性D、对快波睡眠影响大E、肌内注射吸收慢且不规则28、下列哪项不是苯二氮类的作用····························································（）A、抗焦虑作用B、镇静催眠作用C、抗惊厥抗癫痫作用D、麻醉作用E、中枢性肌松作用29、地西泮中毒特异性抢救药物是·······························································（）A、碳酸氢钠B、氟马西尼C、山梗菜碱D、尼可刹米E、佐匹克隆30、苯巴比妥急性中毒时为加速其从肾脏排泄，应采取的主要措施是·················（）A、静滴碳酸氢钠B、静滴低分子右旋糖酐C、静滴10%葡萄糖D、静滴大剂量维生素E、静滴甘露醇31、氯丙嗪抗精神病的作用机制是·······························································（）A、阻断中脑边缘系统和中脑皮质通路中的多巴胺受体B、阻断结节漏斗部通路中的多巴胺受体C、阻断黑质纹状体通路中的多巴胺受体D、阻断α受体E、直接抑制中枢作用32、下列氯丙嗪描述错误的是·····································································（）A、加深中枢抑制药的作用B、抑制生长激素的分泌C、对晕动病的呕吐有效D、可降低正常体温E、可引起体位性低血压33、氯丙嗪不用于····················································································（）A、低温麻醉B、治疗呃逆C、躁狂症状D、神经安定镇痛E、人工冬眠34、碳酸锂主要用于·················································································（）A、躁狂症B、焦虑症C、抑郁症D、精神分裂症E、神经官能症35、米帕明可用于何种疾病治疗··································································（）A、焦虑症B、精神分裂症C、躁狂症D、抑郁症E、神经官能症36、吗啡急性中毒引起的呼吸抑制，最宜选用的中枢兴奋药是··························（）37、咖啡因B、二甲弗林C、甲氯芬酯D、洛贝林E、尼可刹米38、临床上用于小儿遗尿症的药物是····························································（）A、咖啡因B、哌醋甲酯C、尼科刹米D、贝美格E、二甲弗林39、用于治疗儿童多动症的药物是·······························································（）A、咖啡因B、哌醋甲酯C、二甲弗林D、山梗茶碱E、甲氯芬酯40、不易致惊厥的药物是···········································································（）A、咖啡因B、山梗茶碱C、尼科刹米D、哌醋甲酯E、二甲弗林41、用于治疗偏头痛的药物是·····································································（）A、咖啡因B、山梗茶碱C、尼科刹米D、哌醋甲酯E、二甲弗林42、胆道平滑肌痉挛引起的胆绞痛应首选······················································（）A、吗啡B、阿托品C哌替啶D、吗啡+哌替啶E、阿托品+哌替啶43、吗啡的镇痛作用最适用于·····································································（）A、分娩止痛B、脑外伤疼痛C、三叉神经痛D、其他镇痛药无效时的急性锐痛E、胆绞痛44、哌替啶应用错误的是···········································································（）A、人工冬眠B、镇痛C、麻醉前给药D、心源性哮喘E、止泻45、临床上用于解救吗啡急性中毒引起呼吸抑制的药物是································（）A、喷他佐辛B、哌替啶C、芬太尼D、曲马朵E、纳洛酮46、迅速诱发吗啡戒断症状的药物是····························································（