同位语从句语法与训练

Grammar语法精解(一)1.同位语theAppositive同位语是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1)名词Tom,ourmonitor,isahandsomeboy.(2)代词Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.(3)数词Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.(4)从句Hetoldmethenewsthattheplanehadexploded.他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。(5)由suchas,thatis,inotherwords等引导Somesubjects,suchasmathsandphysics,areverydifficulttolearn.某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。(6)由of引导ThecityofBeijinghasbeengreatlychangedsince2000.自从2000年以来,北京市发生了很大的变化。(7)由or引导Thefreezingtemperature,orfreezingpoint,isthetemperatureatwhichwaterfreezesunderordinarypressure.结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结冰时的温度。一.指出下例句子划线部分是什么句`子成份。1.ThereisgoingtobeaChinesefilmtonight.()2.SheistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.()配套练习(一)主语谓语3.Herwishistobecomeateacher.()4.He,mybrother,managedtofinishtheworkintime.()5.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.()表语同位语状语6.WefounditimportanttolearnEnglish.()7.Doyouhaveanythingelsetowash?()8.Tobehonest,yourwritingisn’tsogood.()形式宾语定语插入语9.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourname?()10.Theynoticedamanentertheroom.()间接宾语、直接宾语宾语补足语1.Myperformanceinthedrivingtestdidn’treachtherequiredstandard,___,Ifailed.A.intheendB.afterallC.inotherwordsD.atthesametime二.单项填空。C2.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,___Iwillalwaystreasure.(NMET2002)A.thatB.oneC.itD.whatB2.同位语从句theAppositiveclause(1)同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。语法精解(二)它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,连接副词how,when,where,whether,what等。e.g.Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：注意:ThestorygoesthatWilliamTellkilledthekingwithanarrow.Wordcamethattheirteamhadwon.⑵同位语从句的表现形式:①由that引导Thefactthatyouhaven’tenoughtimetodotheworkissimplyunbelievable.Thehopethathemaycomehereisnotgoneyet.ThenewsthathehasbeenelectedpresidentoftheUnitedStatesistrue.Thetruththatheavyobjectsandlightobjectsfallatthesamespeedisknowntoall.Theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.②由whether引导Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasnotbeendiscussed.③由when引导Ihavenoideawhentheywillgo.⑶有时可用namely(即),thatistosay(也就是说),inotherwords(换句话说),thatis(那就是),forexample等引出同位语,说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。Hetoldusthegoodnews,namely,themuseumisopentoall.ThereisonlyonewayofimprovingyourEnglish,thatis,topracticemore.AltogetherDollyhadlivedforsixyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。Thenewsthathehasbeenelectedmonitorofourclassistrue.Thenews(that)hetoldmeisexciting.同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子,谓语动词用be的不同形式。Heheardthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.此句可以变为一个表语从句:Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon.WeexpressthehopethattheywillcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)Thosewhowanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.(定语从句)Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.(同位语从句,news和从句没有逻辑关系)Thenewsthatyoutoldusyesterdayistrue.(定语从句,news是told的逻辑宾语)Theorderwhenweshouldgobackhasn’treachedus.(同位语从句,order和从句没有逻辑关系)ThedaywhenNewChinawasfoundedwillneverbeforgotten.(定语从句,day是founded的逻辑状语)练习1.TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.ThefactthattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight.WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinchina.3.Teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyChineseparentsholdtheview.ManyChineseparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.4.Timetravelispossible./Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea.Wehavenoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.5.Studentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople.6.Wedon’tthinkyoutwohavemetbefore.我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。(宾语从句)翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。7.ItiscertainthatJohnwilldowellinhisexam.约翰肯定会考好。(主语从句)8.Whethertheyarecomingornotdon’tmattertoomuch.他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句)9.Nowiswhenweneedhimmost.现在是我们最需要他的时候。(表语从句)10.Ihavenoideahowshegotthroughtheforest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句)11.Thefactthattheywontheprizemadeushappy.他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。(同位语从句)用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。12.Ican’tdecide_____bookIshouldbuy.13.Chinaisnolonger____itusedtobe.14.Iamveryinterestedin____heimprovedhisEnglishinsuchashorttime.15.____weneedismoremoney.whichwhathowWhat16.Thetruth___theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntous.17._____and_____wewillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.thatWhenwhere用名词性从句完成下列句子。18.Thenews______________________________________________________(她通过了高考)isexciting.19.Mikemadeapromise__________________________________(他将帮助我学习英语)thatshehaspassedthenationalcollegeentranceexaminationthathewouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.指出划线部分是什么从句。20.ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupthreecountriesisknowntous.21.Thecontinentthatconsistsoftwocountriesisdevelopingveryfast.(同位语从句)(定语从句)22.Thenewsthattheplanewilltakeoffontimemakeseverybodyhappy.23.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundthecountryisthataheavystormiscoming.(同位语从句)(定语从句,表语从句)24.Thesuggestionthatweshouldlea