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英语考试时间试卷分数试卷结构单项选择,完形填空,阅读理解,完成对话,单词拼写,词义配对,书面表达题量与计分内容题量计分单项选择完形填空阅读理解完成对话单词拼写词义配对书面表达3030202015301010105105120英语语法十五倒装十四主谓一致十三复合句十二简单句和并列句十一句子种类十、虚拟语气九、非谓语动词八、动词七、连词六、介词五、形容词、副词四、数词三、代词二、冠词一、名词一、名词其他用法名词所有格名词分类名词专有名词普通可数不可数物质抽象个体集体1.一般+s;2.以y结尾,去y改成i+es;3.以s,x,ch,sh结尾+es;4.以f结尾的,口诀去f改成v+es;其他直接+s;5.以o结尾的,口诀+es,其他+s;6.其他不规则可数名词的变化(见表格)’ss’of-Mary’sdogTeachers’Dayafriendofmyfather’sa(five-year-old)boy略:自己看书--Look,itisabeautiful.What’sthenameofit?--Oh,itis.laketheWestLake普通名词专有名词Thereisinthepool,whilethereisinthedish.afishfish可数名词不可数名词Thereisandinthegarden.Andlook,therearemanyinthegarden.agirlaboypeople个体名词集体名词1.Look,itisabeautiful.What’sthenameofit?--Oh,itis.2.Thereisinthepool,whilethereisinthedish.(鱼)3.Thereisandinthegarden,sotherearemanyinthegarden.(人)laketheWestLakeafishfishagirlaboypeople普通名词专有名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词名词笔记—基本考点一、不可数名词二、可数名词三、个体复数四、名词的所有格物质:抽象:watermilk…news,information,advice…集体:个体:people,police…规则:不规则:特殊:直接+s,books1.s,x,sh,ch+es,boxes,除stomach+s2.辅音+y去y改i+es,3.O,有生命es,无生命s4.f或fe,口诀改ves,其他+smanmen,childchildren…‘ss’of-car,hand…专有n.普通n.★Mary’sbookTeachers’DayafriendofMary’safive-year-oldboytwentyminutes'walkpasser-by's不可数名词要表示“量”,那么就用量词构成,如:acupofwater…一、不可数名词二、可数名词三、个体复数四、名词的所有格物质:抽象:watermilk…news,information,advice…集体:个体:people,police…规则:不规则:特殊:直接+s,books1.s,x,sh,ch+es,boxes,除stomach+s2.辅音+y去y改i+es,3.O,有生命es,无生命s4.f或fe,口诀改ves,其他+smanmen,childchildren…‘ss’of-car,hand…专有n.普通n.★Mary’sbookTeachers’DayafriendofMary’safive-year-oldboytwentyminutes'walkpasser-by's部分抽象名词前加a,an,表特别的事,如:abigsurprise,(见书p22)集体名词的谓语动词要看情况:强调整体时,谓语用单数;强调所有的人时,谓语用复数;Thefamilyisabigfamily.Thefamilyarehavingdinnernow.1.常见的如manmen等;2.单复数一致,deer,sheep,means等;3.某国人:1)-ese单复一致;2)国家+man/woman…men/women;3)其他,直接加s4.合成词:1)manteachermenteachers2)有中心词的,中心词变复数sons-in-law3)没中心词的,最后加s;go-betweens5.一词两数:experience(经验),~s(经历)work(工作),~s(著作);exercise(运动),~s(练习);等6.只以复数形式出现的单词:apairoftrousers等名词修饰名词ateacup,astonebridge,ashoeshop补充考点特殊个体名词变复数--虽然不规则,但请用自己的方法找一些可记的规律1.ae:manmen,womanwomenEnglishmanEnglishmen…2.ooee:footfeet,toothteeth,goosegeese3.其他:childchildren,oxoxen,mousemice…复合名词的复数:1.passer-bybrother-in-law2.grown-up3.man/womanteacherletterbox既可做可数名词,也可做不可数名词的词:work工作作品exercise运动练习room空间房间experience经验经历十四、主谓一致—基本考点单复数取决于离它远的主语四、就远原则,即:谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的主语三、就近原则,即:谓语动词的形式一致的单复数要与谓语的单复数二、意义一致,即:主语意义上单复数形式与谓语要一致一、语法形式一致,即:主语的Therebe…Herebe…Neither…nor…Either…or…Notonly…butalso…Not…but…with…togetherwith…like…except…but…including…aswellas…Thepoliceare...Thenewsis…Ateacheris…Thestudentsare…谓语只用单数的情况:1.manya+n.单;morethanone+n.单2.时间、价格、重量、长度、短语等;3.each/every/no…andeach/every/no…4.oneandahalf+n(复数).单5.Todo&Doing…6.a+n.单ortwo7.不定代词:someboday,anybody,anything...8.each,every,either,neither,another,theother等表“唯一”的词;9.theonly/thevery/thefirstoneof…10.news,politics,maths+单补充考点•1....and...,both...and...+复数•2.the+adj.+复数•3.people,police等集体名词+复数•4.两个部分组成的物体名词:trousers,glasses,stocking,shorts...谓语只用复数的情况:特别注意情况:•Anumberof+n.复数•Thenumberof+n.单数•a/the…anda/the…•a/the…and…•Apairof…/aglassof…•All•百分数/therestof+n.•Morethan…表示“许多”,谓语用复数表示“……的数量”,谓语用单数前后两个冠词指两个人,谓语用复数只有前面一个冠词指一个人,谓语用单数谓语的选择看of前面的词指人:谓语用复数;指物:谓语用单数。看of后面的名词Morethanone+谓单;Morethantwo+谓复补充考点特别注意情况:•theclass,thefamily,thegroup•介词短语在前,句子倒装,看后面的•从句做主语+单数;例外:•whatweneed______books.补充考点+单数+复数are三、代词八、的用法七、不定代词六、关系代词五、疑问代词四、指示代词三、反身代词二、物主代词一、人称代词主宾格格名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词--self--selves备注你他她它我我们你们他们主格做主语youhesheitIweyouthey宾格做宾格youhimheritmeusyouthem形物后面必须跟名词yourHisHerItsMyOurYourTheir名物=形物+提及过的名词yoursHisHersItsMineOursYoursTheirs反身强调某人自己yourselfhimSelfherselfitselfmyselfourselvesyourselvesthemSelvesthisthatthesethoseWhoWhomWhoseWhatWhich用于定语从句中:WhoWhomWhoseThatWhichas确定不了数量的代词:someanynoeveryfewlittleanotherother…it1做主语2做形式主语3做形式宾语4用于强调句褐紫蓝红绿了解代词有哪些?从300句看--基本考点20.你我他,你们我们他们的顺序;oneanother&eachother的区别;21.everyone40/41.*every&each你他我—You,He/She/It,I;我们你们他们—We,You,They三者及以上的之间,两者之间1.everyone可以直接做主语,后面不接of,但everyoneof…却是存在的.Eg.Everyoneofusisfondofsports.2.Everyone是单数,一般我们都用男的”他”来代替他。dohisbest相同点不同点every每一个谓单强只不every的专门搭配:调作单every+基+名复everythreedays整形独=every+序+名单everythirdday体每隔两天或每三天each个形和代;也可单独出现22.his形物hisway和名物afriendofhisfriends23.enjoyoneself反身代词,只有”强调自己”时才用反身24.25.作宾语时用宾格,介词后面也用宾格;26.theothers某人的+名词his整句话替代:Mr.Zhang换成Lucy--I--You--We--They整句话替代:We换成Lucy--I--You--Theyanother没the没范围,是举例otherstheother有the有范围theothers单复=other+复n.=theother+复N.Eg.Thereare200teachersinourschool.Somearementeachers,arewomenteachers.Ineedsomechalks.Oneispink,oneisblue,iswhite.27.28.29指代前面出现过的名词one:that:those:31.fewlittle33.afewalittle表多many--more--most+可复的词much--more--most+不可34&35.部分否定both/every/all后面+not,表示部分否定,译成”不都是”36&38.全否定none/neither/noone/bodody/nothing表全否,译成”全不是”36-41比较见表格指代句中提到过的同类东西可数(单),复数时用ones指代句中提到过的同类东西(单数&不可数);指代句中提到过的同类东西复数n.it:指代句中提到过的同一个东西(单数&不可数)可数不可数有a有点儿没a没点儿比较级最高级lessleastmanya/anumberof/agoodmany…alargeramountof/agreatdealof…alotof/lostsof/plentyof…主宾形名反基本考点你他她它我我们你们他们youhesheitIweyoutheyyouhimheritmeusyouthemyourHisHerItsMyOurYourTheiryoursHisHersItsMineOursYoursTheirsyourselfhimSelfhersel
本文标题:英语语法复习概论(一)
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