大学英语语法重点

语法一：虚拟语气一、If引导的从句1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoabroadtohavethefurtherstudy.2.Ifyouhaddoneyourhomework,youwouldnothavebeencriticizedbytheteacher.3.Ifhewereto/shouldcomebackfromAmericatomorrow,hewouldjoinourparty.4.Ifyouhaddoneyourhomework,youwouldnotbecriticizedbyyourteachernow.二、从句中的（should）do句型1.Heproposedthatthegirl(should)bethefirsttoleave.suggest,propose,ask,command,demand,require,urge,order,recommend,insist2.Itismysuggestionthathebeourmonitor.3.Itisrequiredthatthenewlawbeenforcedatonce.上述动词的过去分词以及strange,important,necessary,essential,urgent,natural,unusual,advisable,desirable,vital用于itis…that..时三、固定句型(主句现在，从句过去;主句过去，从句过完)1.Itisabout/hightime(that)+过去Itisabouttimethatwehaddinner.2.wouldrather+过去完成Iwouldratherhehadnotinvitedme.3.WishIwishthatIcouldgotoFrance.4.Ifonly+过去IfonlyIweretwentyyearsold.5.Asif/asthoughHetalkedaboutEgyptasifhehadbeenthere.三、固定句型(主句现在，从句过去;主句过去，从句过完)1.Ifonlyhehadbeenhere.要是他当时在这儿就好了。2.Idreadthecomingexams.IfonlyIcouldhavetimetoreviewmylessons.我对即将到来的考试非常担心。如果我有时间复习该有多好啊。3.IfonlyIhadanotherchance.要是我再有一次机会就好了。4.Iamsotired.IfonlyIcantakethedayofftomorrow.太疲倦了。如果明天能不上班多好。5.Ifonlyproblemswouldcomeoneatatime!要是问题一次只发生一个该多好！6.Ifonlyitclearsup,we‘llgo.只要天一放晴,我们就去。7.Ifonlyonehadanunlimitedsupplyofmoney!要是财源不断就好了！8.Shewouldbeaverygoodplayerifonlyshecouldgetittogether.她若能控制得当就能成为很好的选手.三、其它1.shouldhavedoneYoushouldhavearrivedthereearlier.2.ShouldnothavedoneHeshouldn’thavepresentedthereporttothemayor.3.needn’thavedoneSincethemeetinghasbeencanceled,theyneedn’thavegottheresoearly.语法二：非谓语动词一、做主语todo1.Itisn.todoItismydreamtobecomeasuperstarinthefuture.2.Ittakessb.sometimetodo3.Itisadj.forsb.todosth.4.Itisadj.ofsb.todosth.一、做主语-ing1.Itisnouse,nogood,nofun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore,etc+doingItisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.2.Itisexpensive,good,interesting,nice,pointless,useless,worthwhile,etc.+doingItisuselessaskinghimforhelp.3.ThereisnodoingThereisnosaying(telling)whatmayhappennext.二、做宾语–ing/to1.Irememberlockingthedoor.Remembertolockthedoorwhenyouleave.2.try+doing，含义“试一试”或“试试做某事”;try+todo，含义是“做一番努力，试图做某事。”Itriedsendingherflowersbutitdidn‘thaveanyeffect.Iwilltrytofinishtheworkontime.3.mean+ing，含义是“意味着”；mean+todo，含义是“打算、想要”。例如：Revolutionmeansliberatingtheproductiveforce.Ididn'tmeantohurtyourfeelings.Mean,remember,forget,regret,hate,prefer,go,stop,chance二、做宾语–ing/toLet’sgoonstudyingLesson6.（让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）Let’sgoontostudyLesson6.（让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）Irememberdoingtheexercise.（我记得做过练习。）Imustremembertodoit.（我必须记着做这事。）Itriednottogothere.（我设法不去那里。）Itrieddoingitagain.（我试着又干了一次。）Stopspeaking.（不要讲话。）Hestoppedtotalk.（他停下来讲话。）Imeantocomeearlytoday.（我打算今天早些来。）Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。）三、做状语–ing/to1.Inorderto,soasto,onlyto,too…to..,so…asto…2.悬垂Goinghome,mothercookedagoodmeal.3.独立主格Weatherpermitting,wewillgoforapicnictomorrow.4.-ing/-ed主动被动when(talking)aboutthenewplan,weareveryexcited.四、做主语补语1.AllIwanttodois(to)makeyouhappy.2.其他省略to的情况(1)hadbetter,hadbest,wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon,might(just)aswell,cannotbut(2)make,bid,command,tell,let,have&hear,see,feel,smell,watch(3)except,but等连接前后Wehavenothingtodoexceptwaitforthefinaldecision.There’snochoiceforusbuttowaitforthefinalresult.(4)ratherthan,soonerthan位于句首Ratherthanapologizeforhisfault,hetriedtofindanexcuse.(5)Whathewilldois(to)helpyou.Allyouhavetodonowistellusthewholething语法三：情态动词一、情态+完成体对过去的推测1.Musthavedone一定发生了；Sincethegroundiswet,itmusthaverainedlastnight.2.Could/may/mighthavedone很可能，或许发生了；3.Should/oughttohavedone本来该发生却未发生4.Needn’thavedone本不必却发生了ItisSundaytoday,youneedn’thavegonetoschool!二、maycanmightcould的异同1.May/might事实上的可能2.Can/could理论上的可能Theroadmaybeblocked.Theroadcanbeblocked.Canhetellalie?Yes,hemay.3.Not否定may/might,否定的是句子中的主动词。Theymay/mightnotgetthereontimetomorrow.Theycan/couldnotgetthereontimetomorrow.二、maycanmightcould的异同4.May/might表示说话人给予的许可，而can/could是规章制度的许可Accordingtotheruleyoucannotpartthecarhere.5.Might/could相比之下更加委婉三、musthaveto1.Must表示必要性和推测如表示必要性，含义为主观上的必要，而haveto是客观上的必要。2.Must做“必须”讲的否定式needn’t,donothaveto；表推测时否定式为can’t3.Musn’t表禁止四、oughtto，shouldOughtto与should基本类似，但强调责任、义务、应该做，或者逻辑上的必然性时用oughttoAsastudentyououghttostudyhard.IthinkIshouldtrytolosesomeweight.Itisstarrytonight;itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.五、dare1.多出现于否定句、疑问句、条件句Hewantedtogowithme,butdaren’t.2.Howdareyoucheatme!3.Thereissomethingwrongwithhim,Idaresay.语法四：从句一、特殊句型1.Airistopeoplewhatwateristofish.2.Thereisnoonebutloveshiscountry.Thereisnorulebuthasexceptions.(=thatnot)3.Now(that)既然Nowthatallofyouarepresent,let’shaveaquiz.Nowthatitisrainytoday,wehavetocancelthetravel.4.themoment,theminute,directly,immediately=assoonasIwilltellyouthetruthdirectlyIknowit.Theprofessorwenttothelabthemomenthegotoffthetrain.二、关系从句关系代词1.anything,something,all,little,anybody….只用that2.先行词既有人又有物，并列的情况只用that3.Which和that，引导非限定，？4.As和which？三、suchthat&sothat1.Heissuchagoodstudentthatwealllikehim.2.Heissogoodastudentthatwealllikehim.语法五：特殊句型一、倒装1.Wereitnotforyourhelp,wewouldnothavefinishedtheworkontime.2.Comewhatmay,I’llbeonyourside.3.否定副词引起Neverdidhebetraythecoun