语篇连贯性对比分析

语篇连贯性对比分析2007.6.19.《中国的和平发展道路》语篇语句语义结构连贯性特征分析1230-12？2+3+42+？2+?2+?0344455？？？？4532.相似语义结构表达形式对比2.1篇章语料：这类对比通常以翻译对应的语篇材料作为对比语料，以保证篇章对比语言材料在语义结构上的一致。2.2分析内容：先分析篇章语义结构。根据篇章类型，可有不同的语义结构特征。Gleason(1968)提出一个以“事件链”为主线的语义结构分析模式，用以分析叙述体语篇。事件链关系表征Event-line=∑{action1,act.2,act.3,…act.N}VerbVVVcausalityclosenesstime(IMM,LAP,SIM)叙述体语义结构成分：participants参与者语义角色：施事（AG）受事（PA）目标（GO）受益者（BE）参与者参与事件的范围：单个事件或整个事件链过程，构成与事件链平行的另一条结构线参与者事件链参与者活动角色角色活动角色活动角色角色活动角色联系联系联系英汉叙述体语篇对比研究内容：1.参与者在语篇各事件链中的语言表现形式、出现频率；2.各事件链中动词的使用与参与者的关系；3.英汉语篇组织手段的异同；4.隐性连贯的形态特征；5.……CASEANALYSIS杨志取路不数日LAP来到东京IMM入的城来寻个客店IMM安歇下IMM庄客交还担儿与了些银两IMM自回去了。IMMYangZhithusjourneyedonformanydaysandhewenttowardtheeasterncapitalandhecameintothecityandfoundaninnandtheresettledhimselftorest.Thefarmergavehimthebundleandreceivedsomesilverandwentbackalone.衔接与连贯胡壮麟：《语篇的衔接与连贯》第九章：9.1衔接与连贯9.2语境（上下文、情景语境、文化语境）9.3语用知识（言语行为、合作原则与蕴含意义）Context(1)AKidneyoozedbloodgoutsonthewillow-patterneddish:thelast.(2)Hestoodbythenextdoorgirlatthecounter.(3)Wouldshebuyittoo,callingtheitemsfromaslipinherhand.(4)Chapped:washingsoda.(5)AndapoundandahalfofDenny’ssausages.(6)Hiseysrestedonherrigorouships.(7)Woodshisnameis.(8)Wonderwhathedoes.(9)Wifeisoldish.(10)NewBlood.(11)Nofollowersallowed.—JamesJoyce对作者视角+参与者的行为+内心活动特征的内在关系的连贯性作者描写D主人公观察行为O主人公内心活动A(1)Observationinneractivity(2)D(3)O(caliing)A(?)(4)O(hands)A(causality)(5)O(6)D(restingonhips)(7)A(herhost’sname)(8)A(…whathedoestoher)(9)A(hiswifeisnolongeryoung)(10)O(relevance)(11)A(herhostwouldnotallowotherfellowerstocourther)Characters-relationalcoherenceOne-to-OneRelationalCoherenceObservational-coherenceEvaluational-coherenceConflict-Revealingcoherence“老来乐”汉英翻译语篇对比分析连贯性DelightsinGrowingOldAttheageofsixtyIlongedforalifespanofseventy,agoalasdifficultasasummittobereached.WhowouldexpectthatIhadreachedit?ThenIdreamedoflivingtobeeighty,atargetinsightbutasinaccessibleasHeaven.Outofmyanticipation,Ihadhitit.Asamatteroffact,Iamnowanoldmanofeighty-two.SuchlongevityisagrantbestowedbyNature;thoughnominalandnotreal,yetitconformstoourtradition.Isitnotadvocatedtopayrespecttonowadays?AnoldmanissaidtounderstandtheWaymostprobably:theWayofgoodadministrationasputforthbyConfucius,theWaythatcanbeexplainedassuggestedbyLaotzu,theWord(Way)intheverybeginningaswrittenintheBibleandtheWayofpagansasdenouncedbytheBuddhists.AsIamgrowingold,Ican'thelpbeinggiventoflightsoffancyandhavingmyownWayofcreatingstories.HoweverIhavecometorealizethetruth:myoldageservesasavastworldinwhichIcanstillhavemytalentsemployedfullyanddevelopedcompletely.AttheageofseventyIbeganmyretirement,inwhichIcanrelyonmyold-agepensionforaliving,freefrommyburdenoftheboringroutinesIusedtobear,andleadalifecarefreeandcontended.AsforreadingIcan,now,chooseatmyownwilltothumbthroughanythingtowhileawaythetime.IcanfindtimetoreadanythingthatIdidn'tusedto,forinstance,suchtime-killersasthosecreatedbyJinYong,LiangYusheng,ChristieandSeichoMatsummoto.Idon'thavetokeeptheminmindandquitthemasIseefit.Therebeingnoworryanddisturbance,Ineednottravelfarinmyownworldsovast.TrueitisthatthemostspIendidviewmaybefoundinoldage!OccasionallyIhadsomevisitors,maleorfemale,oldoryoung,acquaintedandunacquainted.Wecouldchatabouteverythinginthenorthorinthesouth,inthespaceoratthecore,relatedtoastronomyorgeography,intheHeavenorintheHellandtherewerenotaboosforusatall.WheneverIbroketheiceIbegantopourmywords,inaflowofeloquence,ascontinuouslyasalaserdisc.Unfortunately,Iwasjoblesswhiletheyweresobusythattheyalmostmeltedawayuntilfewknockscameatthedoorandtheworldbecamevacantagain.NowIalonecanoccupyitandgomyownway.WhenIturnontheTVset,someothernewscenescomeintomysight,forexample,thechangeableeventsinhistoryorincurrentaffaires,ontheequatororatthepoles.ItmightbesaidthatwhilesittinginmyroomIcancovereightythousandmilesadaysinceourplanetspins.Comeuponthescreen,nowseriouspreaches,nowcomicgesturesandremarks,nowresoundingsongs,nowtwistsanddances.Thecastmaybeemperors,generals,monstersordemons,ofallkindsandofallsorts,butindifferentsituations.Everyhostbeamswithvigorandenergy,asamodelgirlshowsabrandnewcostume,asagoalismadeinafootballgame,aseachshotscoresthebasket,asadistance-racerunnerontheteamcoachedbyMr.Mamakesagoodperformanceorasafamousstarcomesonthestageinpersonbuthis/hersongcomesfromthecassette.Suddenlythepicturechangesasanofficialinared-toppedhatandwithapigtailbehindthebackcomesuponthescene,asifmy140-year-oldfatherhadcometolifeagain.HemadelightofatiringtravelfrommyhometowntothecapitalinordertokowtowtotheemperorXuantong.Incontrast,IdidoncemeetwithandgreetMr.PuYi,thesameperson,inpublic.Really,anewgenerationmaybeinferiortotheoldandinturnanoldgenerationmaybeoutshonebythenew.AsIambesidemyselfinhighglee,thetraditionalcostumegiveswaytoawesternsuit.Thenthelong-hairedandthelong-stockedshaketheirlegsasifadrift,sandwichedbytheradiatingbikinied.MyeyesandearscanhardlystandthosethingsandIorderthesettobeturnedoffforIamgoingtoclosemyeyesforarest.Soitiswellsaid:Theworldisvastthoughinthehouseverysmall;Theoldbecomejobless,yetnowmostactiveofall.