动词的时态-语态与主谓一致-公开课一等奖课件

四、动词的时态、语态与主谓一致考点1一般时态1.一般现在时(1)一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。由动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式(be动词的一般现在时用am/is/are)构成。*Theyalwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.(2)表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为,只限于go,come,leave,start,stop,arrive,begin,return,open,close等表示动作趋向性或移动意义的词。*Theshopclosesat11:00p.m.everyday.(3)如果主句是一般将来时,那么在由when,while,before,after,until,assoonas等引导的时间状语从句、if和unless引导的条件状语从句及让步状语从句中,可用一般现在时代替一般将来时,表示将来的动作或状态。*Thesentencewillbeeasytounderstandwhenyoudivideitintothreeparts.2.一般过去时(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常用yesterday,lastyear,in1995,theotherday等作时间状语。*Atthattime,heworkedasateachertosupportthefamily.(2)用于表示过去经常发生的或习惯性的动作。*Whenhewasyoung,hetookcoldbathsregularly.(3)在时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中用一般过去时代替过去将来时。*Hesaidthathewouldnotgoifitrained.(4)表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常用一般过去时,由but,and,when,assoonas,immediately,themoment,theminute等连接。*Heboughtawatchbutlostit.*Themomentshecamein,shetoldmewhathadhappenedtoher.(5)常用一般过去时的句型。*Whydidn’tyouthinkofthat?*Ididn’tnoticeit.*IforgottotellyouIhadbeentherewithmybrotherbefore.*Ididn’trecognizehim.【题组训练】1.(2018·衡水模拟)Ijumpedoutofbed,openedthedoorand_______(step)outsidetheroom.Itwasfullofthicksmoke.2.ThepunishmentforacademicdishonestyintheWest__(be)usuallyveryserious.steppedis3.Igavehimfiftypenceyesterdayandadvisedhimtosaveit.Insteadhe_______(buy)himselffiftypenceworthoftrouble.世纪金榜导学号790602214.(2018·太原模拟)Everybodyknowsyoushouldn’tputchildren’sbedsunderawindowincaseachild____(try)toclimbout.boughttries5.(2018·长春模拟)He_____(write)thispostcardandsentittohislovelysisterNellinJanuary,1916.wrote考点2进行时态1.现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的事;表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事。*Hurryup!We’reallwaitingforyou.(2)表示近期特定的安排或计划。*IammeetingMrWangtonight.(3)表示起止动作的动词可用进行时代替将来时。这样的动词有go,come,start,leave,open,arrive,begin,return等。*MyauntisleavingforShanghaiat11:00tomorrowmorning.2.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某动作在过去某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。*Hewasreadinganinterestingbookthistimeyesterday.3.将来进行时表示将来某个时刻或阶段正在发生的动作或存在的状态。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。这些常见的标志性的时间状语有thistimetomorrow,from1:30p.m.to4:30p.m.,thedayaftertomorrow等。*I’llbeflyingtoBeijingattwoo’clockthisafternoon.【题组训练】1.Oneofthemsaidthreeyoungmenstoleherfriend’spursewhilethey_____________(shop)inastore.2.(2018·兰州模拟)Terryandhiswife_____________(clean)theirnewhomebusilywhenthelightsuddenlywentout.wereshoppingwerecleaning3.Janecan’tattendthemeetingat3o’clockthisafternoonbecauseshe______________(teach)aclassatthattime.4.(2018·都江堰模拟)China’slaborsupplywillcontinuetorise,despitethefactthattheworking-agepopulation___________(decrease).willbeteachingisdecreasing5.Whenyoureachtheotherendofthebridge,I_____________(wait)righttheretoshowyoutheway.willbewaiting考点3将来时态1.一般将来时(1)一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,即单纯的将来事实。*Wewillhaveameetingtomorrow.(2)表示临时性的决定。*—Tomisillandnowinhospital.—Really?I’llseehim.(3)三种表示一般将来时的特殊结构:①begoingtodosth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。*TherailwayisgoingtobeopenonOctober1st.*Lookatthedarkclouds.It’sgoingtorain.②betodosth.表示按计划或安排即将做某事,或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。*Ameetingistobeheldat3o’clockthisafternoon.③beabouttodosth.表示即将发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。*Autumnharvestisabouttostart.2.过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,即过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态,常用于宾语从句中。*InBerlin,hefirstmetthewomanwhomhewouldonedaymarry.【题组训练】1.(2018·广州模拟)Ithinkbeingopen-mindedandfriendly______(do)yougood.2.(2018·柳州模拟)Theheadmastersaidthatwhetherwe______________(introduce)theadvancedlabequipmenthadnotbeendecidedyet.世纪金榜导学号79060222willdowouldintroduce3.Ifstudentshavenutritiousfoodinthemorning,energylevels________(stay)highandthemindalert.4.Ramexplainedtohismotherthathe_________(get)homelatethatnightbecauseofextrawork.5.(2018·衡阳模拟)Insummary,Ithinkwe__________(defeat)smokingwithourstruggleanddetermination.willstaywouldgetwilldefeat考点4完成时态1.现在完成时现在完成时常与以下时间状语连用:sofar,recently,lately,once/twice/three...times,before,ever,bynow,inthelast/pastfewyears,overalongtime,uptonow,yet,already,just,since。现在完成时主要用于以下几种情况:(1)表示过去发生已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。*—Look!Somebodyhascleanedthesofa.—Well,itwasn’tme.Ididn’tdoit.(2)表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在,也可能持续下去的动作或状态。*Theyhavebeengoodfriendssincetheymetatameeting.(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作。*IshallposttheletterassoonasIhavewrittenit.(4)下列句型中常用现在完成时。①Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间+since从句(从句用一般过去时)②This(That/It)isthefirst(second...)time+that从句(从句用现在完成时)③This(That/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting...+that从句(从句用现在完成时)*It’s/Ithasbeen5yearssincewelastmet.*Thisisthefirsttimethatwehaveseenafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.2.过去完成时(1)表示过去某一时间或动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态。过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间,还可能持续下去。*Bytheendoflastyear,wehadproduced20,000cars.(2)有些动词有时用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算。这类动词常见的有hope,plan,mean,expect,intend,suppose,want,think等。*Ihadhopedtocometohelpyou.Somethinghappenedtome.That’swhyIdidn’tcome.(3)用在hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...和nosooner...than...句型中,主句常用过去完成时,表示“一……就……;刚……就……”。hardly/scarcely/rarely/nosooner置于句首,主句部分倒装,从句不倒装。*Wehadnosoonerbeenseatedthanthebusstarted.=Nosoonerhadwebeenseatedthanthebusstarted.3.将来完成时将来完成时表示到将来某一时间,某一动作将会完成,常用的时间状语为“by+将来的某个时间”。*Bythistimeofnextyear,allofyouwillhavebecomecollegestudents.4.现在完成进行时(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。*Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportsandhasbeentakingbadmin