牛津版高二英语unit1 语法

UnitoneGrammarandusage•I.Thepresenttense•II.Presentcontinuoustense•III.Thepresentperfecttense•IV.Thepresentperfectcontinuoustense•Ithepresenttense1表示客观事实或普通真理.(不受时态限制)Thegeographyteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中国的东方。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太阳东升西落。•2表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday,onceaweek等表示频率的时间状语连用.Hetakesawalkaftersuppereveryday.他每天晚饭后散步。Mymotherworksatthesamecompanyasmyfather.我母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。Wealwayscareforeachotherandhelpeachother.我们总是相互关心相互帮助。•3表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。Mr.Smithhatesfishandnevereatsany.斯密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃。MaryspeaksbothEnglishandFrenchverywell.玛丽英语和法语都说的很好。•4表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。Theplanetakesoffat10:00a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。TomorrowisWednesday.明天是星期三。•5在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。Wewillhavetoputoffthesportsmeetingifitrainstomorrow.如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。Ican’tleaveunlessmybossagrees.除非老板同意，否则我不能走。Notes:if引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表示意愿，但不表示时态。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.•II.Presentcontinuoustense•1表示说话时正在进行的动作。----whatareyoudoing?-----Iamwritingaletter.It’srainingheavilynow,sowemuststayinside.Thewaterisboiling.Thesunisrising.Themaniswalking.•2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作。Janeisstudyinglawwhilehersisterisdoingphysics.简在学习法律而她的姐姐在学习物理。HeisteachingEnglishandlearningChinese.他正在一边教英语一边学中文。•3表示按计划近期内即将发生的动作。IammeetingMr.Wangtonight.我今晚要去见王先生。IamgoingtoQingdaoforthesummerholidaythisyear.我计划今年去青岛过暑假。TheplaneisleavingforLondonsoon.飞机即将飞往伦敦。•4与alwaysoften等频度副词连用表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.那个女孩总爱当众大声喧哗。Sheisoftenborrowingmoneyandforgettingtopaymeback.她经常借钱却忘记还。Sheisconstantlycomplainingaboutherfate.她不停地抱怨自己的命运不好。Notes:以下四类动词不宜用现在进行时。•A表示心理状态、情感的动词Like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need•B表示存在状态的动词appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belongto,dependon•C表示瞬间动作的动词allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete•D表示感官的动词see,hear,notice,smell,sound,taste,lookIII.Thepresentperfecttense•1表示反复发生的经历Hehashostedtheshoweighttimes.他已经连续八次主持表演。BillyCrystalhasbeeninmanyfilmsandtelevisionshows.贝利克克里斯托已经出演过多部电影和电视剧。WehavebeentotheGreatWallmanytimes.我们已去过长城多次。•2表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留下某种后果和影响。Hehaspaidhisincometax.他已经交了个人所得税。Doctorshavefoundthatpeoplewholaughalotlivelonger!医生们已经发现经常大笑的人长寿。•3表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在。Mymotherhasbeenillforthreedays.我妈妈已经生病3天。MostofushavestudiedEnglishfor5years.我们大部分人已经学了5年英语了。•4下列句型中常用现在完成时。Itis(hasbeen)+一段时间＋since+从句This(that/It)isthefirst(second…)timethat+完成时This(That/It)isthebest/finest/mostinteresting….+that+完成时It’s/Ithasbeen3yearssincetheygotmarried.It’sthefirsttimethatIhavebeentotheGreatWall.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveseen.•Notes:在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。Ifyouhavedonetheexperiment,you’llunderstandthetheorybetter.如果你做完试验，你会更好地理解这个理论的。Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.车停稳之前，别忙着下车。Notes:•注意区分一般过去时与现在完成时时间上有差异：凡有具体的过去时间，均用过去时态，不能用完成上，如：ago,lastyear,justnow,theotherday等。•结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系。IV.thepresentperfectcontinuoustense•表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要继续下去。Chinesehavebeenmakingpaperformorethan2000years.中国造纸的历史已有2000多年了。Doctorshavebeenresearchingthatquestionformanyyears.多年来，医生们一直在研究这个问题。ThechildrenhavebeewatchingTVallmorning.孩子们一上午一直在看电视。•AnswerspartA:1.am8hasbeenplanning2havebeenwriting9havedesigned3amlooking10areprinting4is11aregoing5havebeenimagining12is6is13hope7ismaking14opens1.I______________atthecomedyClubtonight.amperforming2I_________________myjokesinfrontofthemirrorforthelastthreehours.havebeenpractising3Myfamily________towatchmyshow.iscoming4I____nervousabouttheshow.am高考链接•Althoughhehaslivedwithusforyears,he______usmuchimpression.Ahadn’tleftBdidn’tleaveCdoesn’tleaveDhasn’tleftInsuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey_______.（2001年上海）AhavesurviveBaretosurviveCwouldsurviveDwillsurvive(NMET2003年)Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness_______.AhasgrownBisgrowingCgrewDhadgrown――_____DavidandVicky_____married?――Foraboutthreeyears.(NMET2003年北京)AHowlongwere;beingBHowlonghave;gotCHowlonghave;beenDHowlongdid;get(NMET2002年春季北京)JohnandI_______friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe______eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.Ahadbeen;haveseenBhavebeen;haveseenChadbeen;hadseenDhavebeen;hadseenTranslatethefollowingsentences:火车将在上午9：00点钟开。Thetrainstartsatnineinthemorning.那个小孩总是爱惹麻烦。Thatboyisalwaysmakingtrouble.我做完家庭作业就去你家。I’llgotoyourhomewhenIhavefinishedmyhomework.你在逛街的时候别忘了交通规则。Whenyouaregoingaroundthestreet,don’tforgetthetrafficrules.用所给动词的一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时或现在完成进行时的形式填充。•---Howlong______DavidandVicky_____________(marry)?•---Foraboutthreeyears.•2.Comeandseemewheneverit____(be)convenienttoyou.•3.Thewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures__________(take).havebeenmarriedisaretaken6.Becausetheshop__________(close)down,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.7.Everypossiblemeans____________(try)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.8.---What’sthatterriblenoise?---Theneighbors____________(prepare)foraparty.9.TheSmithsmovedtosettleinCanadain2003