Boy missing,police puzzled阅读知识点

牛津高中英语ReadingIIUnit1Boymissing,policepuzzledDetailedLanguagepoints1.Boymissing,policepuzzled.男孩失踪,警察迷惑.=Aboygoes/ismissing,andthepolicearepuzzled.●gomissing=golostgo作连系动词,意思为“变成某种状态（通常指不好的状态）”1)Hishairwentgreyafterhisson’sdeath.他的头发在他儿子死后都变得花白了。2)夏天牛奶很容易变质。Insummer,milkcangobadeasily.gomad发疯gowrong出故障gobad变质2Go+adj表示某种状态3missing和puzzled分别为现在分词和过去分词作表语。现在分词作表语和主语之间往往是主动关系，表示主语的性质，多修饰物，一般翻译为“令人…..的”；过去分词作表语和主语之间往往是被动关系，表示主语所处的状态，多修饰人，也可修饰expression、look等词，一般翻译为“（本身）感到….的”Thenewswasexcitingandthestudentswereallexcitedatit.消息很激动人心，所以听到这个消息学生们都很激动。常作表语的现在分词和过去分词分别有：•interesting,exciting,surprising,shocking,astonishing(令人惊讶的),puzzling,worrying,frightening;interested,excited,surprised,shocked,astonished,puzzled,worried,frightened.1)___andhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.(2006全国卷)A.SurprisingB.SurprisedC.BeingsurprisedD.Tobesurprising2)Tomsounds____verymuchinthejob,butI’mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.(2006年安徽卷)A.interestedB.interestingC.interestinglyD.interestedly4.PoliceinAmericahavesteppeduptheirsearchforafifteen-year-oldboywhowentmissing…●police/people集体名词Thepolicehavecaughtthemurderer.●stepup加快，加速；走上前来；提升，提高1)Thegirljumpedforjoyandsteppeduptohim.走上前来2)Youhavetosteppedupyourpace,astimeisnear.加快，加速3)Women’ssocialpositioninChinahasbeenmuchsteppedupinthepast50years.提升，提高●step:takeastepforward/back向前走/向后走takesteps/action/measurestodosth.采取步骤、行动、措施做某事mind/watchyourstep小心谨慎，谨慎从事stepbystep一步一步，逐渐地，逐步地keep/beinstepwith与……保持同步，跟上……的步伐followinone’ssteps踏着某人的足迹;步某人的后尘;效法某人的榜样●searchn.vi&vt.搜索，搜查，搜寻searchsb./sp.forsth.在某人身上/某处搜查某物（vt）searchsb./sp.搜某人的身或搜查某处（vt）searchforsb./sth.搜寻某人或某事物（vi）insearchof=inone’s/asearchfor寻找5.Thisincidenthasreceivedgreatinterestduetoreportsofstrangelightsinthesky…receivegreatinterest引起了极大的兴趣●interest:n.兴趣，爱好；利益；利息v.使……感兴趣have/feel/show/take(an)interestin…对……有兴趣=be/becomeinterestedin…develop(one’s)interestin培养对……的兴趣loseinterest(in)（对……）失去兴趣fortheinterest(s)ofsb./sth.为了某人的利益;为某事的缘故theinterestrate利率6dueto1）由于，因为（后接名词，可作状语和表语，作状语是一般不置于句首）近义短语：becauseof（因为），在句中做状语和表语owingto（因为），但是不能做表语thanksto（多亏，幸亏）在句中做状语和表语asaresultof（…的结果）只作状语2）beduetodosth预定做某事7.JustinFoster,ahighschoolstudent,waslastseenFridaynight.●同位语：一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1)Healwaysworkshardevenifheknowsthefactthatheisnotingoodhealth.2)Hisfailurewasduetothefactthathehadnotpractisedforalongtime.3)Mary,monitorofourclass,wasinvitedtothepartytoo.4）YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.8.WitnessesalsosaytheysawJustinwalkingtowardshishomeat10:45p.m.●witnessn.目击者;见证人v.目睹;目击;见证1)谁目击了这场车祸？Whowitnessedtheaccident？2)Iwasawitnesstotheirquarrel.我是车祸的目击者。●see+sb./sth.+do/doing/donewatch,lookat,hear,listento,notice,feel,observe;have(使，让)等动词与see有这种相同用法。hearsbdosth听到某人做了某事，强调动作已完成。其被动语态为sbisheardtodosth1:sing;Sheisoftenheardtosinginherroom.hearsbdoingsth听到某人在做某事，强调动作正在进行，其被动语态为：sbishearddoingsth2:sing;Sheisheardsinginginherroom.hearsthdone听某事被某人做（强调被动）9.IheardhimputonhisfavoriteCD.Putonputoncoat穿戴（衣帽）putonweight增加（体重）putonperformance表演，上演（戏剧等）putonradio使（视听设备）开始播放与put相关的短语•Putdown放下；写下（=writedown）•Putforward提出建议、计划等•Putoff推迟，延期•Putout熄灭，扑灭；关灯•Putthrough接通电话•Putup举起；建造，搭起；张贴10.Standinginsidewerelotsofstrangecreatureswithwhiteskinandlargeblackeyes.(这是一个倒装句)=Lotsstrangecreatureswithwhiteskinandlargeblackeyeswerestandinginside.●本句倒装句结构是：表语+be+主语那个湖周围种着各种各样的树。Growingaroundthelakearetreesofdifferentkinds.倒装句常见句型归纳：1)地点状语(介词短语或副词)+谓语（vi.）+主语，但主语为代词时不能用倒装。-----全部倒装Herecomesthebus./Southofthecityliesabigshoefactory./Hereitis.2)否定词+助动词/be+主语，但innotime在句首时后面不能用倒装。------部分倒装否定词如neither;nor;notuntil…;notonly…butalso…;never;seldom;hardly…when…;nosooner…than…;atnotime;bynomeans…Eg.直到昨天我才知道这条消息。NotuntilyesterdaydidIgetthenews.3)表语/状语/动词原形+as(虽然)+主语+谓语部分，Childasheis,heknowsalot./MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuyit.Tryashedid,hefailedagain.4)So（如此）+adj./adv.+助动词/be+主语;so+助动词/be+主语（……也这样）;so+主语+助动词/be(……是这样的)Soexcitedwereweatthattimethatwedidn’tknowwhattosay.Maryworkshardandsodoesherpartner.A:Maryworksveryhard.B:Soshedoes.5)only+状语+助动词/be+主语Onlywhentakenaccordingtothedirectionswillthemedicineworkwell.11However，sinceMrsFoster………sheassumedthatKellywshavingabaddream,andsentherbacktobed.•Since既然（=nowthat），由于Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbegin.既然每个人都在这里，我们就开始吧！assume（vt）假定；假设；认为•assume+sth假定•assume+that从句假定，假设，想当然的认为•assumesbtobe假定某人是1:I________youcandoitaheadoftime.2:Wemustassumehim_________honestuntilheisprovedguilty.assumethattobeMrFosterwasworkingthatnightonhisconstructionjob,andwasnothomewhentheseeventsoccurred.Occur:1)发生2）出现，存在，被发现3）被想起，被想到，浮现（+to）基本句型Itoccurs/occurredtosbtodosthItoccurs/occurredtosbthat某人突然想到某人突然想起3:occurred5:occurredtomethatShowup12.whenJustindidn’tshowupforlunch….andtoldherhusbandtocallthepolice.showup出现，露面=turnupshowsbaroundsp带领某人参观某地showoff炫耀，卖弄showin领进showout送某人到门口，送某人出去beonshow展出，陈列11.Thealienstookmeawaysothattheycoulddoresearchonme.●sothat引导目的状语从句时，从句中须有情态动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中不用情态动词。IgotupearlythismorningsothatIcouldcatchtheearlybus.（以便，为了）IgotuplatethismorningsothatImissedtheearlybus.（结果）13.Ihaven’tbeensleepi