复合句的种类

复合句的种类名词性从句形容词性从句(定语从句)副词性从句(状语从句)名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.引导词:1.从属连词:that,if,whether2.连接代词:who,what,which,whom,whose3.连接副词:when,where,how,why等.名词性从句引导词的特点除了三个从属连词外,连接代词和连接副词都在句中作成分,连接代词一般作主语,宾语和表语,连接副词作时间、地点、方式、原因状语.所有的引导词都具有连词特征,除了that在宾语从句中可以省略外,其他引导词一般不能省略.that引导名词性从句时不作成分,无意义,仅起引导作用,在引导宾语从句时可省略,引导主语、表语和同位语从句时不能省略.that引导宾语从句时在以下情况下不能省略:eg.EverybodycouldseewhathappenedandthatTomwasfrightened.(and连接两个宾从,that宾从放在and的后面,不能省略.)Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.(作介词的宾语从句时that不能省略.)名词性从句难点1.语序和时态Eg.①Thequestion____hasbeenworryinghimrecently.A.whereistogoB.wheretogoC.whereishetogoD.wherehewastogo②Heaskedme______tobuildthisplant.A.howlongitwastakenB.howlongithadtakenC.howmuchtimedidittakeD.howmuchtimeitwastaken2.关联词的选择使用A)是that还是what?Eg.①Thequestioncameupatthemeeting___wehadnotenoughmoneytodotheresearch.A.whetherB.thatC.ifD.what②____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.A.What;thatB.What;whatC.That;thatD.That;what③Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublic____theydoanimportantjob.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which区别:that不作成分,无意义,仅起引导作用;what可作主语,宾语,表语,保留疑问词特征,本身有意义,相当于thething/fact/matterthat…,意为“所……的(东西或事情)B)whether还是ifEg.①Itdependson___hehasenoughmoney.A.ifB.weatherC.ifornotD.whether②___thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That③Idon’tmind______theywillcome.A.ifornotB.whetherornotC.whetherornoD.iforno用whether或if引导名词性从句时,题干中往往出现表示“不肯定”概念的词语,如:notsure/certain,notknown/decided,…isstillaquestion,dependon等.两词引导宾语从句时可以互换,但下列情况一般只用whether:a.介词后的宾语从句;b.引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句;c.后面出现ornot.注意:与not连用时只能用ifeg.Iwonderifhecannotdomeafavour.c).whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever的区别.Eg.①Giveitto_____youlike.A.whomB.whoeverC.whoD.when②Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever③I’llremember____theteacherteachesus.A.thatB.nomatterwhatC.whateverD.nomatterwhichwhomever只作宾语;whatever﹦anythingthatwhoever﹦anyonewhowhomever﹦anyonewhomwhichever﹦anyonethat(强调某一范围中的任何一个)D)how,whenwhere,why的选择①Ihavenoidea___hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.that②Pleaseexplain____thisispossible.A.howB.whatC.whyD.that③Iremember_____thisusedtobeaquietvillage.A.whenB.howC.whereD.what定语从句引导词分为两类:1.关系代词:who,whom,whose,which,that,as2.关系副词:where,when,why等引导词的作用:1.代替先行词;2.引导定语从句;3.在从句中充当成分,关系代词作主语,宾语(可以省略),表语;关系副词作状语.定语从句难点1.whose引导的定语从句.whose作定与修饰后面的名词,可修饰人或物,相当于…ofwhom,…ofwhichEg.①Histhestudentwhosecomposition(﹦thecompositionofwhom)wonthefirstprize.②Irefertothehousewhosewindow(﹦thewindowofwhich)facesthelake.2.which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句的后面,as引导非限制性定语从句时放在主句前后均可;as意为“正如”,后面的谓语动词多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report等.另外用于某固定搭配,如thesame…as,such…as等;which意为“这一点”,如:Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.Heturnedouttobeverysuccessful,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.3.介词提前的定语从句介词＋which/whom,不能用that或who如何选用合适的介词:根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择.Thetwothings______theyfeltproudwereJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.应填ofwhich,beproudof为固定短语.根据介词与前面的名词搭配选择.1)Canyoufindapropersituation______theexpressioncanbeused?2)I’llneverforgettheday______Ifirstmethim.应填inwhich和onwhich,在……场合,介词用in;表示具体的某一天,用on.有时需要考虑介词和动词的搭配及介词和名词的搭配.①Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,___hecouldseewhatwashappeninginsidethehouse.A.inwhichB.throughwhichC.atwhichD.onwhich②Hewastheman___MasteroftheGamewastranslated.A.intowhomB.bywhomC.atwhomD.byhim4.关系副词引导的定语从句when,where,why在定语从句中作状语.When→in/on/at＋which;where→in/at＋which;why→forwhich.Iknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hewasunhappy.Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)welivedfor5years.选择关系词一定要考虑它在从句中的作用,即作主语、宾语、表语、定语时用关系代词,作状语时则用关系副词.Istillrememberthedayswhichwespenttogetheronthefarm.(宾语)Ineverforgetthedayswhenweworkedonthefarm.(状语)Healwaysstayedattheofficeat6:00,bywhichtimeothershadgonehome.(定语)关系词在从句中作宾语,状语时,从句中不应该出现相同意义的成分.误:Haveyoufinishedthebookwhichyouborroweditfromthelibrarylastweek?正:Haveyoufinishedthebook(which)youborrowedfromthelibrarylastweek?区别多重引导词1.that可以引导名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句.Thathewaslatemadetheteacherangry.Hetoldusthethingandpersons(that)hesawthere.I’mgladthathepassedtheexam.2.When,where,why既可引导名词性从句,又可引导定语从句或状语从句,而且有时可以互相转化.Whenhewillcomeisstillunknown.→Thetimewhenhewillcome…Idon’tknowwherehefoundhislastbike.→Idon’tknowtheplacewhere(atwhich)hefound…Idon’tknowwhyhemissedthemeeting.→Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhemissed…Thenewhousestandswheretherewasapool.→Thenewhousestandsattheplacewheretherewasapool.3.Whoever,whateverwhichever可引导名词性从句或状语从句.Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.→Anyonewhobreaksthelawshould…Whoevercalls,askhimtoleaveamessage.→Nomatterwhocalls,askhim…4.as可引导多种从句Ashehadn’tworkedhard,hefailed.Ashewas15yearsold,hebegantoworkinafactory.Yongasheis,heknowsalot.Ascanbeseen,heissad.Astimepassedby,Igraduallyforgotwhathelookedlike.Icandoitaswellasyou.