人教版英语必修一Unit5词汇

Unit5Words•qualityn.•（1）[U,C]质，质量，品质•Qualityismoreimportantthatquantity.•（2）[C]性质，特性，特点•Onequalityofwoodisthatitcanburn.•（3）[C]品德，品性•Youneedsomespecialpersonalqualitiestoworkasanurse.•注意：•（1）quality作“品性”讲时，经常指一个人性格（character）中美好的部分。•（2）表示某物“具有……的质量”时用介词of.•Eg:Thisnewmodelisofhighqualityandisnotexpensive.拓展：beofgood/badquality好的/坏质量•beofpoor/highquality劣等的，优质的•meanadj.vt.•（1）adj.吝啬的，小气的•搭配：bemeanwith/aboutsth•对于……吝啬的•Sheisalwaysmeanwith/aboutmoney.•（2）adj.（人或其行为）卑鄙的，刻薄的•搭配：bemeantosb/sth对某人/某物刻薄的•Don’tbesomeantoyourclassmates.•Itismeanofyoutoteasehim.•（3）adj.熟练的；出色的•搭配：benomean了不起，很出色•Heisameantennisplayer.•Hismotherwasapainter,andheisnomeanartisthimself.•（4）vt.意思是；意味着；表示……意思•搭配：meantodosth打算做某事•meandoingsth意味着；意思是•ButIdidn’tmeantohurtyou.•Missingthebusmeanswalkinghome.•activeadj.•（1）积极的•搭配：beactiveinsth在……方面积极地•takeanactivepartinsth积极参与某事•Theywerebothpoliticallyactive.•（2）（尤指体力上）忙碌的，活跃的•Sheisveryactiveinthelocalbusinesscircle.•（3）（思想上）充满活力的，活跃的•Thatchildhasaveryactiveimagination.•generousadj.•（1）慷慨的，大方的•搭配：begenerouswith在某方面慷慨•begenerousindoingsth乐于做某事•Itwasgenerousofhimtooffertopayforusboth.•（2）宽宏大量的，宽厚的，仁慈的•Shehasagenerousmind/spirit.•注意：generous和其他修饰人的形容词clever,stupid,smart,kind等一样，常与of一起构成不定式复合结构：It’s+adj.+ofsb+todosth.•devotevt.献身，致力，专心•搭配：devoteoneselfto献身于•devoteone’slife/timetosb/sth把生命/时间献给……•devoteone’senergyto奉献精力于•devotesthtosth把……用于……•Shedevotedherselftohercareerandnevermarriedallherlife.•Hedevotedhislifetopromotingworldpeace.•注意：在devote…to…和bedevotedto…中的to均为介词，其后接名词，代词和动名词等做宾语。•devotedadj.忠实的，深爱的，是形容词，可用作定语或表语，可以构成短语bedevotedto，该结构可以在句中做状语，如：Devotedtohisresearch,hedidn’tnoticetheteacherenteredtheroom.•principlen.[C]法则；原则；原理•Discussingallthesedetailswillgetusnowhere,wemustgetbacktofirstprinciples.•注意：principle的复数形式表示“道德原则”“行为准则”或“规范”。•Irefusetolieaboutit;it’sagainstmyprinciples.•拓展：inprinciple原则上，理论上；大体上，基本上onprinciple根据原则•firstprinciples基本原则•guidancen[U]指导；领导；引导•搭配：underone’sguidance在某人的指导/领导下•guidanceonsth对某事的指导•Youshoulddoitunderhisguidance.•That’sguidanceforteachersonhowtousevideoinclass.•拓展：with/underone’sguidance=with/undertheguidanceofsb=underone’sdirection在某人的指导下•outofwork失业=outofemployment•Nowthatsheisoutofwork,Lucyhasbeenconsideringgoingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecided.•拓展：inwork有工作•gotowork去上班•loseone’sjob失去工作（表动作）•Hehasbeenoutofworkforhalfayear.•Ilostmyjoblastyear.outofbreath上气不接下气outofuse没用了outoforder出故障了outofcontrol失控了outofdanger脱离危险了outofsight看不见了outofdate过时【拓展】•vote•（1）投票；表决•Congressvotedtoincreaseforeignaidby10%.•（2）n.[C]投票，表决•Theresultofthevoteweresurprising.•拓展：•votetodosth投票做某事•voteforsb投票支持某人•voteagainstsb投票反对•asamatteroffact•（1）事实上；其实；说真的•It’saniceplace.We’vestayedthereourselves,asamatteroffact.•（2）（表示不同意）事实上，其实•Hedoesn’tmind.Asamatteroffact,he’spleased.•【近义短语】•infact/inreality/intruth/inpractice/actually•equaladj.相等的；平等的；胜任的；•Twoplustwoisequaltofour.•Heisequalto(taking)thetask.•InthesightofGod,therichareequalwiththepoor.•【搭配】•beequaltosth与……相等•beequalto(doing)sth胜任某事•beequalwith/to与……平等•introuble•处于困境或险境•He’sintroublewiththepolice.•Weshouldlendahandtothoseintrouble.•【拓展】•getintotrouble陷入困境•getsbintotrouble使某人陷入困境•beintroublewith有问题（麻烦）•havetrouble(in)doing做某事有麻烦turnto向某人求助；致力于；转身•Ifyouhaveanyquestion,turntomeforhelp.•turnaway把…打发走；解雇•turnback折回，往回走•turnup开大，调高；出现•turndown降低，调低;拒绝•turnon打开，开启•turnoff关闭，停止•turnin交还；上交•turnout关上，关掉，结果是•turnover翻转•escapev.逃脱；逃走；避开•Hernameescapesme.Alionhasescapedfromitscage.Heescapedpunishment/beingpunished.•搭配：escapesth避开某事•escapefrom从……逃离•escapedoingsth避免做某事•cometo/intopower当权；上台•beinpower当权；执政•Hecametopowerin1958.•Theyoungkinghadbeeninpowerforfiveyears.•cometo/intopower为终止性短语，不可与时间段连用；与其对应的延续性短语为beinpower.•begvi.(begged,begged,begging)•（1）恳求，乞求•搭配：beg(sb)forsth（向某人）乞求•begsthof/fromsb向某人乞求（恳求）•beg(sb)todosth恳求（某人）做某事•Theoldmanbeggedfromdoortodoorforfood.•Hebeggedmenottoaskhisparentstocome.•beggarn.乞丐；穷人•rewardn.[C,U]报答，报酬，酬谢，奖赏vt.酬谢，报答•Youdeservedrewardforbeingsohelpful.•Therewardedthewinnerwithflowersandmoney.•搭配：rewardsbwithsth用某物酬谢某人rewardsbforsth/doingsth为（做）某事而酬谢某人•inreward/return作为回报【辨析】•reward多指对某人的工作、服务、帮助等给予的酬劳、报酬。•award侧重指官方或经正式研究裁决后给予有功者或竞赛优胜者的奖励，往往强调荣誉。•prize尤其指在比赛中获得奖品、奖励。