非谓语复习(2014-2015)

非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式(todo)，动名词(doing)和分词（现在分词doing和过去分词done），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。对比谓语动词的形式：do,did,betodo,bedoing,bedone,have/haddone…非谓语分词动名词（-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)不定式（todo）主动/进行被动/完成/状态主动/将来/具体主动/习惯/抽象HedecidedtoworkhardatEnglish.ThenovelwrittenbyMoYanisverypopular.Westoodthere,chatting.Learningisimportanttous.不定式:todo(否定)nottodo语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone----------语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone-ing形式（以do为例）注意：过去分词done只有唯一形式找非谓语动词的逻辑主语1.当非谓语充当句子的宾语/表语/状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语。_______(see)fromthehill,youcanseethewholecity._______(see)fromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.SeeingSeen2.当非谓语充当句子的定语，逻辑主语是定语所修饰的名词。Someofthequestions_______bythestudentswereverydifficulttoanswer.(raise)Theman_________totheteacherisMary’sfather.(speak)raisedspeaking3.当非谓语充当句子的宾补，逻辑主语是句子的宾语。Doyouhearsomeone______(call)you?Iheardmyname______(call)severaltimes.callingcalled补充考点：1.现在分词作结果状语，强调一种必然的因果关系，而动词不定式作结果状语，通常表示一种出乎意料的结果。常在动词不定式前加only，用来强调惊讶或失望。Hisparentsdied,_______thebabyanorphan.(leave)Hehurriedtothestation,only________thatthetrainhadleft.(tell)Ex:《凤》P324，10tobetoldleaving2.分词表示伴随的动作，常可以改成并列句。Helayonthegrass,______intothesky.=Helayonthegrassand______intothesky.（look）3.分词表示结果时，常可改成非限制性定语从句。Chinahasapopulationof1.3billion,______itthelargestcountryintheworld.(make)=Chinahasapopulationof1.3billion,which_____itthelargestcountryintheworld.lookinglookedmakingmakes4.为了使分词与主句关系更清楚，有时不省略连词when,if,though,once等。Evenif(Iam)invited,Iwillnotgototheparty.When(itis)heated,waterbecomesvapor.5.分词的主语与主句的主语不一致时，分词的主语要保留，称为独立主格结构。ItbeingSunday,Iplantogooutingwithmyfriends.Somanystudentsbeingabsent,themeetinghadtobeputoff.6.区别句子：Thebuilding______lastyearisahospitalnow.Thebuilding_________nowwillbeahospital.Thebuilding__________nextyearwillbehospital.Eatingthebreakfast,Iwentdownstairs.边吃早餐边下楼Havingeatenthebreakfast,Iwentdownstairs.已经吃完早餐再下楼builtbeingbuilttobebuiltEx:《凤》13Ex:《凤》2,147.固定搭配：Thelittlegirlwho_________inwhiteisMary’syoungersister.=Thelittlegirl______inwhiteisMary’syoungersister.=Thelittlegirl________herselfinwhiteisMary’syoungersister.dressoneselfin…=bedressedin…类似的短语：seatoneselfin…=beseatedin…Thegirl_____inthesofaisMary’ssister.=Thegirl______herselfinthesofaisMary’ssister.isdresseddresseddressingseatedseatingloseoneselfin…=belostin…occupyoneselfin…=beoccupiedin…buryoneselfin…=beburiedin…absorboneselfin…=beabsorbedin…engageoneselfin…=beengagedin..(从事于，忙于)__________inhisresearch,heforgottohavelunch.______himselfintheresearch,heforgottohavelunch.devoteoneselfto…=bedevotedto…_______tohisresearch,heforgottohavelunch._______himselftotheresearch,heforgottohavelunch.Lost/Occupied/Buried/Absorbed/EngagedLosing/Occupying/Burying/Absorbing/EngagingDevotedDevotingexposeAtoB=AbeexposedtoB(暴露于，接触)_______tothesun,ourskinwillturnblack.compareAwith/toB=Abecomparedwith/toB________withthatcar,thiscarischeaper.________thiscarwiththatone,youwillfindthedifferencesbetweenthem.associateAwithB=AbeassociatedwithB(将A与B联系起来)baseAonB=AbebasedonBThefilm_____onthisbookispopular.separateAfromB=AbeseparatedfromB(将A与B分开)ExposedComparedComparingbasedstop/keep/preventsbfromdoingsth=sbbestopped/kept/preventedfromdoingsth______fromgoingtotheparty,sheburstintotears.类似短语：informsbofsth,remindsbofsth,convincesbofsth…beaddictedto,beadmittedto_______tocomputergames,hecan’tfocusonhisstudy.(addict)Stopped/Kept/PreventedAddictedbefacedwith=facesth____withconsiderablepressure,weneedtocalmdown._____considerablepressure,weneedtocalmdown.Theyliveinaroomthat_____thestreet.=Theyliveinaroom______thestreet.FacedFacingfacingfacesEx:《凤》P324,121.PeopleliketheGreatWallwhichwasbuiltabouttwothousandyearsago.=PeopleliketheGreatWall______abouttwothousandyearsago.2.Hehadsomepictures______(take)inthepark.3.Aliarcan’tmakehimself______.(believe)4.When_______(cross)thestreet,youmustbecareful.5._____(lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.=_______(lose)himselfinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.takenbelievedcrossingLostLosing练习：built1.allow/advise/forbid/permitdoingsbtodoEX:《凤》P323,6实记要点：2.need,want,require后面接doing表示被动.need/want/requiredoing(需要)=need/want/requiretobedoneYourhairwantscutting.=Yourhairwantstobecut.你的头发该理了。Tomwantstomakegreaterefforts.(想要)EX:《凤》P323,43.既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：《凤》P322stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下来去做另一件事情Ex:《凤》P324,11forget/remember/regrettododoing(未发生）（发生了）忘记去做/记住去做/遗憾要去做某事忘记做过/记得做过/后悔做了某事goondoing继续做原来做的事goontodo接着做另一件事meandoing意味着要做某事meantodo打算，想要做某事Beingastudentmeansdoinghomeworkeveryday.Ididn’tmeantohurtyou.trydoing试着/试验做某事trytodo努力/尽力做某事Whynottrylisteningtosomelightmusic?Hetriedtofinishtheworkaheadoftime.beusedtodoing习惯于做某事beusedtodo被用来做某事can’thelp(to)do不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoing=can’thelpbutdo情不自禁做某事《凤》P324,154.使役动词：make/have/letsbdo使/让某人做某事（常与often,always等频度副词连用）make/have/letsbdoing使/让某人一直做某事make/havesthdone使某事被做havesthtodo(有某事要做)Eg:Ihavealotofworktodo.（自己做）havesthtobedone使某事将被做Ihavemywashingmachinetoberepaired.(将让别人来修理)Ihavemywashingmachinerepaired.(已经让别人修理好了)getsbto