工商英语课件part 8

PartEightOrganizationalBehavior组织行为BriefIntroductionOrganizationalBehaviorManagement(OBM)istheresultofapplyingthepsychologicalprinciplesofAppliedbehavioranalysisandtheExperimentalanalysisofbehaviortoorganizationstopromoteworkersafetyandotherbenefits.Theareasofapplicationmayinclude:systemsanalysis,management,training,andperformanceimprovement.WhatisOrganizationalBehaviorManagement(OBM)?ThefieldofOBMconsistsofthedevelopmentandevaluationofperformanceimprovementprocedureswhicharebasedontheprinciplesofbehaviordiscoveredthroughthescienceofbehavioranalysis.TheseproceduresareconsideredtobewithinthescopeofOBMwhentheyfocusonimprovingindividualorgroupperformancewithinanorganizationalsetting,whetherthatorganizationbeabusiness,industrialsetting,orhumanservicesetting,andwhetherthatorganizationwasestablishedforprofitornot.ThegoalofthefieldofOBMistoestablishatechnologyofbroad-scaleperformanceimprovementandorganizationalchangesothatemployeeswillbemoreproductiveandhappy,andsothatanorganizationsandinstitutionswillbemoreeffectiveandefficientinachievingtheirgoals.SomeofthetechnologythatthefieldofOBMusesareBehavioralSystemsAnalysisandPerformanceManagement.AnotherrelatedfieldisBehavior-basedsafety.Duetothenatureofthefieldbeinginvolvedinbusinessandusingtheprinciplesofbehavioranalysis,itisbothrelatedtoPsychologyandIndustrialengineering.WhatisOBM?Questions:2.…Cantechnologymakeemployeesproductiveandhappy?5.ExplainthemethodologyemployedinOBMresearch.OrganizationalBehavior组织行为OBM：组织行为管理organizationalsettings：组织单位humanservicesetting公共事业单位公用事业单位主要是指承担一定社会服务功能的行业,如医院、学校、供电、电信、铁路、城建、城乡规划、工程招投标等部门和行业等。OrganizationalBehavior组织行为broad-scaleperformanceimprovement：大规模表现（性能或工作）改进absenteeism：旷工，旷课action-orientedendeavor：以行为为导向的努力internalstates：内状态statisticalsignificance：统计显著性statisticalsignificance统计显著性Statisticalsignificanceisamathematicaltoolusedtodeterminewhethertheoutcomeofanexperimentistheresultofarelationshipbetweenspecificfactorsorduetochance.Statisticalsignificanceiscommonlyusedinthemedicalfieldtotestdrugsandvaccinesandtodeterminecausalfactorsofdisease.Statisticalsignificanceisalsousedinthefieldsofpsychology,environmentalbiology,andanyotherdisciplinethatconductsresearchthroughexperimentation.一个统计学名词。它是统计学(Statistics)上对数据差异性的评价。当数据之间具有了显著性差异，就说明参与比对的数据不是来自于同一总体(Population)，而是来自于具有差异的两个不同总体，这种差异可能是由于参与比对的数据是来自不同的实验对象，如一般能力测验中，大学学历被试组的成绩与小学学历被试组会有显著性差异。也可能来自于实验处理对实验对象造成了根本性状改变，因而前测后测的数据会有显著性差异。例如，记忆术研究发现，被试学习某记忆法前的成绩和学习记忆法后的记忆成绩会有显著性差异，这一差异很可能来自于学××记忆法对被试记忆能力的改变。practitioner从业者methodology方法；方法论editorial社论industrialsetting企业单位effective有效果的efficient高效的prerequisite先决条件labelv.定义；给……分类；标注operantpsychology操作心理学thrust本质，要点；有力措施parallel类似的；平行的baseline基准线；基本情况practicalsignificance实际显著性Statisticalsignificancemeansthattheobservedmeandifferencesarenotlikelyduetosamplingerror.Statisticalsignificancecanbeachievedevenwithverysmallpopulationdifferences,ifthesamplesizeislargeenough.Practicalsignificancelooksatwhetherthedifferenceislargeenoughtobeofvalueinapracticalsense.AreasofApplication(OBM)应用的领域Questions:9.Howdoyouthinkaboutsocialskills?Doyouthinkthatsocialskillsareveryimportanttoaperson?10.…Intermsofconservation,twoideashavecomeout.Onesaystosavemorecoalsandoilsforthefuturegenerations;theothersaystogivemoretimetoscientists.Whichoneismorerealistic,orwhichoneisright?AreasofApplication(OBM)应用的领域•healthcare卫生保健•mentalhealth心理健康•timeliness时间性，及时性•performancefeedback(对员工)表现的反馈•financialincentive报酬奖励•seedling幼苗•theforestproductindustry林产品工业•programmedinstruction【计】程序指令;程序教学;经过计划的教学•behaviormodificationprinciple行为矫正原理AreasofApplication•blueprintreading（公司发展）蓝图的诠释•basicelectronics电子学基本原理•keypunchoperation键盘打孔机的操作•用键控打孔机记录(资料等)，用键盘穿孔机记录(信息)；用键盘穿孔机为(信息)编码，用键控打孔机把(资料等)译成电码•discrete不连续的，离散的•meager：adj.在数量、程度或范围上缺乏的；不足的•Bellsystem:贝尔系统•贝尔本人创立的贝尔电话公司曾形成庞大的贝尔系统（BellSystem），并垄断美国的电信事业达百年之久，贝尔系统以AT&T公司为母公司，下属众多子公司和研究所。•tardy：adj.行动迟缓的•lotteryincentivesystem抽彩给奖激励制度AreasofApplicationrandomlotteryincentivesystemn.Amethodofrewardingexperimentalparticipantsorsubjectsfortakingpartinaresearchstudybyusingachancedevice.Forexample,participantsmayberewardedwithpointsortokens代币ontheunderstandingthatoneintenofthem,selectedatrandom,willbepaidataspecifiedrateforthepointsthattheyaccumulate.Thistechniqueissupposedtosavemoneywhileretainingarealfinancialincentivefortheparticipants.AreasofApplication•disciplinaryaction纪律处分•telephonesolicitor电话销售人员•fastfoodfranchise快餐特许经营权•abehaviorallybasedfeedbacksystem以研究行为为基础的反馈系统•perse(Latin)本身，本质上•streamline使流线型，使现代化，使（企业、组织等）简化并更有效率•cost-effective有成本效益的，划算的