初中英语现在完成时讲解全

现在完成时•现在完成时的含义•1.表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响。•Isawamovie.•Ihaveseenthemovie.•Haveyoueverbeenthere?(八下Unit9)•Ihaveneverbeencamping.•1.表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响结构：have/has+过去分词（对have/has)进行变换have/hasnot+过去分词（haven’thasn’t)Have/Has+主语+过去分词(Yes,……have/has.No,……haven’t/hasn’t)特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Whathaveyoufinished?Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomework•标志词：alreadyyetjust•already用于肯定句中,已经:Ihavealreadyhadlunch.•Yet用于否定句疑问句末•Just:刚刚Haveyouhadlunch_____?•Ihave____hadlunch•Ihaven’thadlunch____.•Ihavejusthadmylunch.还已经总结：现在完成时•含义1:__________________•结构：肯__________________否___________________一般疑问___________________特殊疑问____________________•标志词|:____________________•2.一个动作从过去开始持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。•过去时：动作过去已经结束。•Hehastaughtinourschoolforfiveyears.•Ihaveworkedsincelastweek.•第二层含义的标志词：•和for和since连用for+时间段（持续）since（自从）+时间点•IhavestudiedEnglishfortenyears.=IhavestudiedEnglishsincetenyearsago.注意：完成时不能单独和时间状语(twohours,threedays,lastweek,fourhoursago)连用，必须加上for,since.填空使用for和since•Ihavebeenhere_____halfpastthree.•Thecarhasbeenhere____yeaterday.•IhavebeeninOnly_____fouryears.•Theboyhasbeeninourclass_____sixweek.•Shehaslivedhere______1996.•2标准词：sofar/uptonow(到目前为止）;lately/recently(最近）•Uptonow/Sofar,Ihaven’tbeensuccessful.•Lately/Recently,Ihaven’tseenmyteacher.总结IlivedinWuweitenyearsago.IhavelivedinWuweifortenyears.IhavelivedinWuweisincetenyearsago.IstudiedEnglishtenyearsago.IhavestudiedEnglishfortenyearsIhavestudiedEnglishsincetenyearsago.判断正误Iboughtthebookfivedaysago.Ihaveboughtthebook.Ihaveboughtthebookforfivedays.Ihavehadthebookforfivedays.Ihavehadthebooksincefivedaysago.Tips:buy这个动作从“开始发生”到“结束/终止”,几乎同时或在极短的时间里（如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’）就完成了“开始—结束”的过程，这样的动词我们叫做短暂性动词。所以，“我买了这块手表5年了”，在汉语中说的通，但英语中就必须用相应的延续性动词来替换。现在完成时中常见的非延续性动词非延续性动词：buyborrowdieleavebegin/startcome/gofinish这些动词不能和for….Since……连用与for和since连用时，要把它们变成相应的延续性动词--------------------------------------------------------------------------------（buy买了…）had（borrow借了…）keep（start/begin开始了…）beon（leave离开了…）beaway(from)（come来到某地….）behere/介词+地点（go去某地….）bethere/介词+地点（die死了…）bedead(finish结束....)beoverfor…since….1.我买这本书三年了。BuyIhaveboughtthebook.(1)Ihavehadthebookfor3years.(2)Ihavehadthebooksince3yearsago.2.他借这本书两个月了borrowHehasborrowthebook.(1）Hehaskeptthebookfor2months.(2)Hehaskeptthebooksince2monthsago.3.李梅离开济南一年了.leaveLiMeihasleftJinan(1)LiMeihasbeenawayfromJinanforoneyear.(2)LiMeihasbeenawayfromJinansince1yearago.1.Hedied10yearsago.---He____________for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---He________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---He________themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---He________heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.---Thelight____________for2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.---He____________fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilm____________for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---He________a____forayear.---He____________thearmyforayear.---It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化Exercise1.Tom___forseveralhours.A.wenttobedB.hasbeeninbedC.hasgonetobedD.hasbeentobed2.Howlonghaveyou____thiscity?A.beentoB.beeninC.cometoD.goneto3.Myaunt____theTVfor4months.A.hasboughtB.wasboughtC.washadD.hashad4.MrBrown____thecarfor3months.A.boughtB.hadboughtC.hashadD.buys5.Theoldman___fortwodays.A.hasdiedB.hasbeendeadC.diedD.dies6.Mysisterhas____for8years.A.becomeadriverB.leftthecityC.arrivedinthecityD.livedhere7.Howlonghaveyou___?A.joinedtheteamB.becomeateamleaderC.beenintheteamD.lefttheteam8.Youarelate.Thefilm____for10minutes.A.hasbegunB.hasbeenonC.hasfinishedD.hasstarted9.Howlonghasshe_____thenewspaper?A.borrowB.lendC.keptD.buy