您好,欢迎访问三七文档
Derivation派生法Compound合成法Conversion转化法Abbreviation简略词Blending合成词Acronyms缩略词Word-formation构词法派生法Derivation派生法前缀后缀否定前缀其他前缀名词后缀形容词后缀动词后缀1.表示否定意义的前缀1)纯否定前缀a-,an-,asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的)dis-dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,incapable,inability,ignoble,impossible,immoral,illegal,irregularne-,n-,none,neither,nevernon-,nonsmokerneg-,neglectun-unable,unemployment2)表示错误的意义male-,mal-,malfunction,maladjustment(失调)mis-,mistake,mislead前缀意义用法例词re-表示:再一次,重新用于动词及派生名词名词、形容词及其它名词前(=again)renew,reborn,rebuild,reappear,retellfore-表示:时间或位置的“在前面”加在动词或名词前(=before)foresee,foreleg,foretell,foreknowpre-表示:在前、事先、预先加在名词或形容词前(=before,infront,inadvance)prepay,prewar,preschool,prehistorypost-表示:时间和顺序的“在后边”加在名词或形容词前(=after,behind)post-war,post-datepost-graduatemid-表示:中间加在名词前(=middle)midday,midnightsuper-表示:高级、在之上加在名词前(=above,over,upon)superpower,superstructure2.表示时间和其他关系的前缀表示人和物的名词后缀后缀意义用法例词表示人-er从事…职业的人,做…的人,…地方的人加在动词、名词、形容词上teacher,workerlearner,hatter-or与-er同义外来后缀,加在外来词上visitor,conductoreducator,translator-eer从事于...的人用于外来词engineer,volunteermountaineer-ist从事...职业的人,从事某种...文艺、学术的人,...主义者加在名词上,或–ize结尾的动词上,或以-al结尾的其它词上artist,socialistcommunistphysicist表示物-er表示从事某工作的物加在动词和名词或复合词上washer,fiver-or表示从事某工作的物加在动词上conductor,receptor形容词后缀后缀意义用法例词-able可/能…的加在名词或及物动词后valuable,horrible,eatable-al有...性质的加在名词后natural,technical,actual-ful充满...的,引起...的加在名词或少数名词上thankful,powerful,tearful-less无/不...的,不能...的加在名词或动词上homeless,harmless,wireless-ous充满...的,有...特性的加在名词上dangerous,famous,nervous-y有/多...的,想...的加在名词上cloudy,sunny,funny,sleepy-ed有...的,有...特征的加在名词或动词上tired,interested,learned-ern...方的加在表示方位的名词上eastern,western,southern-ly有...性质的,...形状的加在名词或形容词上yearly,daily,orderly,lively后缀意义用法例词-en表示:变为,使为,变为有,使有加在形容词上,有时加在名词上,通常构成及物动词darken,weaken,deepen,sharpen,glisten,frighten,strengthen-fy表示:使成为,使...化加在名词或形容词上,构成及物动词和少数不及物动词beautify,uglify,satisfy,terrify,electrify,purify-ize-ize表示:使成,变成,...化加在名词或形容词上,构成及物动词或少数不及物动词modernize,democratize,revolutionize,realize,sympathize动词后缀Compound合成法1.复合形容词的构成2.复合名词的构成。3.其他复合词的构成。方式例词形容词+名词first-class,part-time,second-hand,bare-foot形容词+现在分词good-looking,free-thinking,hard-working形容词+名词-edgood-tempered,middle-aged,cold-blooded名词+形容词world-famous,snow-white,seasick,lifelong名词+现在分词beauty-loving,job-hunting,time-saving副词+现在分词hard-working,far-seeing,well-meaning副词+过去分词well-prepared,quickly-cured,well-known复合形容词的构成方式例词名词+名词horseback,bank-note,newspaper,cell-phone形容词+名词back-yard,forehead,greenhouse,blackboard动名词+名词hiding-place,reading-room动词+副词get-off,break-in,breakdown,breakup动词+名词pickpocket,break-water名词+介词+名词editor-in-chief,father-in-law复合名词的构成方式例词复合动词名词+动词day-dream,sun-bathe副词+动词overcome,upturn,overcome,upho1d,outgrow形容词+动词white-wash复合代词代词宾格或物主代词+self(selves)himself,ourselves某些不定代词+body(one,thing)everyone(everybody,everything),nobody(noone,nothing)其他复合词的构成转化法Conversion1.名词和动词之间的转化2.形容词转化为动词3.名词转化为形容词(副词)4.其他词性间的转换名词和动词之间的转化•名词转化为动词record录音→记录name名字→命名face脸→面对•动词转化为名词drink喝→饮料study学习→书房lookat→havealookat形容词转化为动词•形容词转化为动词slow慢的→放慢warm暖的→使温暖cool凉爽→使冷•动词转化为形容词perfect使完善→完美的fit适合→适合的•名词转化为形容词front前面→前面的black黑色→黑色的key钥匙→关键的•形容词转化为名词chief主要的→首领first第一的→第一个wrong错误的→错误名词转化为形容词•副词转换为动词down向下→击倒back向后→后退up向上→提高•一些形容词前加the后转换为名词thewounded受伤的人们theblind盲人们thebeautiful美丽的东西其他词性间的转化简略词合成词缩略词指缩写词把两个词某部分联合起来合成为一个新词指首字母缩略词exam—examinationad.—advertisementmaths—mathematicssmoke+fog=smogmotor+hotel=motelTV—televisionPLA—thepeople’sliberationArmyofChina
本文标题:构词法PPT
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-3795249 .html