英语词汇学PPT

Lexicology（词汇学）Lexicologyisthestudyofform,meaningandbehaviorofwords.(TheNewOxfordDictionaryofEnglish)Morphology(形态学),semantics(语义学),etymology（词源学）Vocabulary（口语化）,lexis（两者之间）,lexicon（学术味）(词汇)1011学年第二学期词汇学试题类型I.Explainthefollowingterms.(20points)II.Completethefollowingstatementsorpassageswithproperexpressionsaccordingtothetext.(10points)III.Fillineachblankwithawordcontraryinmeaningtothewordgiveninthebracket.(10points)IV.Completethefollowingidioms.(10points)V.Fillintheblankswiththefollowingverbalphrasesintheirsuitableforms.(20points)VI.Expressthefollowinginonecompoundword.(10points)VII.Answerthefollowingquestions.(20points)I.Explainthefollowingterms.homonymcompoundingconnotativemeaningMorphemeblendinginitialismantonymysynonymdenotativemeaningpolysemyConversionderivationmotivationAcronymback-formationradiationVII.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Howdoyoudefineantonyms?2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenconversionandsuffixation?3.Whatdowemeanbyliteraryandcommonwords?4.Whatisthedifferencebetweengrammaticalmeaningandlexicalmeaning?5.Whatarethedifferencesbetweeninflectionalandderivationalaffix?6.Whatisthedifferencebetweenprefixationandsuffixation?7.Whyshouldwegiveprimaryimportancetodenotativemeaningofwords?8.Whatisthedifferencebetweenrootantonymsandderivationalantonyms?9.Statethevitalroleofcontextindeterminationofwordmeaning.10.Whatareverbphraseidioms?Whataretheirpeculiarfeatures?PartoneChapterIAGeneralSurveyofEnglishVocabulary1.TheDevelopmentoftheEnglishvocabulary2.ClassificationofEnglishwordsaccordingtodifferentcriteria3.VarietiesofEnglish4.ClassificationoflanguagesChapter1ABriefSurveyoftheEnglishLanguageDefinitionofWordBloomfield:somelinguisticforms,whichwecallboundformsareneverusedassentences.-ess;-ish;-sFreeform:twoormorelesserfreeformsPoorJohnFrenchlinguist,AntoineMeilletAwordisdefinedbytheassociationofagivengroupofsoundscapableofagivengrammaticaluse.lexicon(词汇):thevocabularyofperson,language,orbranchofknowledge,eg.thesizeoftheEnglishlexiconEntry(词条):anitemwrittenorprintedinadiary,list,accountbook,orreferencebook.Lexeme词位abasiclexicalunitofalanguageconsistingofonewordorseveralwords,theelementsofwhichdonotseparatelyconveythemeaningofthewhole.Inbrief,awordmaybedefinedasafundamentalunitofspeechandaminimumfreeform,withaunityofsoundandmeaning(bothlexicalandgrammaticalmeaning),capableofperformingagivensyntacticfunction.词是语言组织中的基本单位，能独立运用的，具有声音、意义和语法功能。1.TheDevelopmentoftheEnglishvocabulary（英语发展史)1.1.Englishvocabularyasviewedinthehistoricalperspective1.1.1OldEnglish(449/450–1100)Anglo-Saxon(古英语)(50,000-60,000words)1.1.2MiddleEnglish(1100-1500)stronginfluenceofFrench(中古英语)1.1.3EarlyModernEnglish(1500-1700)(早期现代英语)RenaissanceLatinGreek1.1.4LateModernEnglish(1700–Pres.)(后期现代英语)1.1.1OldEnglish古英语(450AD–1100)(“theAnglo-SaxonPeriod”)1.1.1.1Background1.1.1.2CharacteristicsofOE1.1.1.1BackgroundPaleolithicMan3000BC,Iberians---Neolithic500BC,Celts55BC–410AD,theRomanoccupation55BC:JuliusCaesar43AD:EmperorClaudius---TheRomanConquest罗马人的征服410AD,thefalloftheRomanEmpire449AD,InvasionofAngles,Saxons&Jutes---theTutonicConquest(449–6thC)threeLowWestGermaniclg.--〉Anglo-Saxon*“Runic”597AD,introduces.ofChristianity,byAugustine.Introduces.ofLatinwords790AD,invasionofScandinavians,esp,Danes.–Vikings.IntroducesofvocabularyfromScandinaviancountries(OldNorsewords)1.1.1.2CharacteristicsofOE1)OEDialects方言2)OEVocabulary词汇3)OESpelling拼写4）OEPronunciation发音5)OEInflections屈折形式6）LoanWords外来语1)OEDialects方言WestSaxon西撒克逊语Kentish肯特语Mercian莫西亚语Northumbrian北恩布瑞安语2)OEVocabulary词汇Compounding:for-(forbid,forget),in-,-ful,-dom,-hood,-ship,-ness,-th,-ish.Alliteration:(with)mightandmain,friendorfoe,alabouroflove.3)OESpelling拼写eg.(1)OEModernEOEModernEhāmhomemētantomeetstānstonefēdāntofeedhūshouseÐuThoubōcbookÞætthatfīftigfiftyeg.(2)Fæderūre,þūþeeartonheofonum,Fatherofours,thouthatartinHeaven,4）OEPronunciation发音OESp.OEPron.Mod.ESp.Mod.EPron.tīme[`ti:mǝ]time[taim]hūs[hu:s]house[haus]stān[sta:n]stone[stǝun5）OEInflections屈折形式eg.(1)hām(home)的变格：SingularPluralSubjectivehāmhāmasPossessivehāmeshāmaPatienthāmehāmumObjectivehāmhāmas6）LoanWords外来语（1）IntroductionofChristianity(基督教)Fr.Latin:bargain,cheap,inch,pound,cup,dish,wall,wine,etc.;abbot,alter,candle,disciple,hymn,martyr,num,priest,pope,shrine,temple,etc.（2）Scandinavianinvasion—VikingsFr.OldNorse:are,they,their,them,till,call,diegive,takeskin,sky,window,ill,weak,etc.1.1.2MiddleEnglish(1100-1500)中古英语1.1.2.1Background1.1.2.2CharacteristicsofMEBackgroundTheNormanConquest:1066.1KingEdward1066.9.28William1066.10HastingsWilliamI,WilliamtheConquerorWilliamI(1066-1100)--HouseofNormandy(诺曼底王朝)HenryI(1100-1135)HenryII(1154-1189)--HouseofPlantagenet(金雀花王朝)John(1199-1216)HenryIII(1216-1272)EdwardIII(1327-1377)--BlackDeath1337-1454:TheHundredYearsWarRichardII(1377-1400)HenryIV(1399-1413)--HouseofLancaste（兰加斯特王朝）1455-1485:TheWarsoftheRosesEdwardIV(1461-1483)--HouseofYork（约克王朝）EdwardV(1483-1483)RichardIII(1483-1485)HenryVII(1485-1509)--HouseofTudor（都铎