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理清单《考试大纲》规定的120个文言实词一组1.爱(1)爱其子,择师而教之________(《师说》)(2)秦爱纷奢,人亦念其家________(《阿房宫赋》)(3)不爱珍器重宝肥饶之地________(《过秦论》)(4)向使三国各爱其地________(《六国论》)(5)予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染________(《爱莲说》)2.安(1)风雨不动安如山________(《茅屋为秋风所破歌》)(2)燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉________(《陈涉世家》)(3)然后得一夕安寝________(《六国论》)(4)则宜抚安,与结盟好________(《赤壁之战》)(5)将军迎操,欲安所归乎________(《赤壁之战》)(6)衣食所安,弗敢专也________(《曹刿论战》)(7)既来之,则安之________(《论语》)3.被(1)仍更被驱遣,何言复来还________(《孔雀东南飞》)(2)将军身被坚执锐________(《陈涉世家》)(3)恩被四泽,德被四海________(《促织》)(4)秦王复击轲,被八创________(《荆轲刺秦王》)4.倍(1)愿伯具言臣之不敢倍德也________(《鸿门宴》)(2)焉用亡郑以陪邻________(《烛之武退秦师》)(3)每逢佳节倍思亲________(《九月九日忆山东兄弟》)5.本(1)盖亦反其本矣________(《愚公移山》)(2)今存其本不忍废,道中手自钞录________(《〈指南录〉后序》)(3)予本非文人画士________(《病梅馆记》)(4)此之谓失其本心________(《鱼我所欲也》)(5)抑本其成败之迹________(《伶官传序》)6.鄙(1)蜀之鄙有二僧,其一贫,其一富________(《为学》)(2)鄙贱之人,不知将军宽之至此也________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(3)先帝不以臣卑鄙________(《出师表》)(4)越国以鄙远,君知其难也________(《烛之武退秦师》)(5)肉食者鄙,未能远谋________(《曹刿论战》)7.兵(1)收天下之兵,聚之咸阳________(《过秦论》)(2)赵亦盛设兵以待秦,秦不敢动________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(3)故上兵伐谋,其次伐交________(《孙子兵法》)(4)嬴闻晋鄙之兵符常在王卧内________(《信陵君窃符救赵》)(5)必以长安君为质,兵乃出________(《触龙说赵太后》)(6)强秦之所以不敢加兵于赵者,徒以吾两人在也________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)8.病(1)君之病在肌肤,不治将益深________(《扁鹊见蔡桓公》)(2)向吾不为斯役,则久已病矣________(《捕蛇者说》)(3)而江浙之民皆病________(《病梅馆记》)(4)君子病无能也,不病人之不己知也________(《论语》)(5)汝病吾不知时,汝殁吾不知日________(《祭十二郎文》)9.察(1)徐而察之,则山下皆石穴罅________(《石钟山记》)(2)怨灵修之浩荡兮,终不察夫民心________(《离骚》)(3)虽不能察,必以情________(《曹刿论战》)(4)人又谁能以身之察察________(《屈原列传》)(5)明足以察秋毫之末________(《梁惠王上》)(6)察邻国之政,无如寡人之用心者________(《寡人之于国也》)10.朝(1)朝服衣冠________(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)(2)相如每朝时,常称病________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(3)强国请服,弱国入朝________(《过秦论》)(4)于是入朝见威王________(《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》)(5)两朝开济老臣心________(《蜀相》)[答案]1.(1)爱护(2)喜欢,爱好(3)吝惜(4)爱惜,吝惜(5)爱慕,欣赏2.(1)安稳(2)怎么(3)安逸(4)安抚,抚慰(5)怎么,哪里(6)养生(7)使……安3.(1)表示被动(2)通“披”,穿在身上或披在身上(3)覆盖(4)遭受4.(1)通“背”,背叛,违背(2)增加(3)越发、更加5.(1)根本,基础(2)版本,稿本(3)本来,原来(4)原本的(5)推究本源6.(1)边界(2)庸俗,浅陋,鄙俗(3)目光短浅(4)把……当作边境(5)浅陋7.(1)兵器,军械(2)士兵,军队(3)用兵策略,战略(4)兵符(5)军队(6)战争8.(1)疾病(2)困苦,困乏(3)变成病态(4)担心,忧虑(5)生病9.(1)仔细看,观察(2)体察(3)了解,弄清楚(4)察察:洁白的样子(5)看清楚(6)考察10.(1)zhāo,早晨(2)上朝(3)朝见,朝拜(4)朝廷(5)朝代二组11.曾(1)曾不若孀妻弱子________(《愚公移山》)(2)寻常巷陌,人道寄奴曾住________(《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》)(3)曾益其所不能________(《生于忧患,死于安乐》)12.乘(1)因利乘便,宰割天下________(《过秦论》)(2)乘彼垝垣,以望复关________(《诗经·氓》)(3)昔人已乘黄鹤去,此地空余黄鹤楼________(《黄鹤楼》)(4)从今若许闲乘月,拄杖无时夜叩门________(《游山西村》)(5)我欲乘风归去,又恐琼楼玉宇,高处不胜寒________(《水调歌头》)(6)闲来垂钓碧溪上,忽复乘舟梦日边________(《行路难》)13.诚(1)诚知其如此……吾不以一日辍汝而就也________(《祭十二郎文》)(2)战败而亡,诚不得已________(《六国论》)(3)诚能见可欲,则思知足以自戒________(《谏太宗十思疏》)(4)今诚以吾众诈自称公子扶苏、项燕________(《陈涉世家》)(5)此诚危急存亡之秋也________(《出师表》)14.除(1)攘除奸凶,兴复汉室________(《出师表》)(2)然则将军之仇报,而燕国见陵之耻除矣________(《荆轲刺秦王》)(3)寻蒙国恩,除臣洗马________(《陈情表》)(4)扶辇下除,触柱折辕________(《苏武传》)(5)服孝将除了也________(《窦娥冤》)(6)除了外百事不知________(《窦娥冤》)15.辞(1)今太子迟之,请辞决矣________(《荆轲刺秦王》)(2)辞曰:臣之壮也,犹不如人________(《烛之武退秦师》)(3)臣死且不避,卮酒安足辞________(《鸿门宴》)(4)念与世间辞,千万不复全________(《孔雀东南飞》)(5)大礼不辞小让________(《鸿门宴》)(6)臣等不肖,请辞去________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(7)秦王恐其破璧,乃辞谢________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(8)单于使卫律召武受辞________(《苏武传》)16.从(1)沛公旦日从百余骑来见项王________(《鸿门宴》)(2)臣从其计,大王亦幸赦臣________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(3)惑而不从师,其为惑也________(《师说》)(4)樊哙从良坐________(《鸿门宴》)(5)从此道至吾军不过二十里耳________(《鸿门宴》)(6)弟走从军阿姨死________(《琵琶行》)(7)合从缔交,相与为一________(《过秦论》)17.殆(1)知彼知己,百战不殆________(《孙子兵法》)(2)且燕赵处秦革灭殆尽之际________(《六国论》)(3)得不焚,殆有神护者________(《项脊轩志》)(4)思而不学则殆________(《论语》)18.当(1)西当太白有鸟道,可以横绝蛾眉巅________(《蜀道难》)(2)不久当归还,还必相迎取________(《孔雀东南飞》)(3)料大王士卒足以当项王乎________(《鸿门宴》)(4)当是时也,商君佐之________(《过秦论》)(5)念窦娥葫芦提当罪愆________(《窦娥冤》)(6)臣知欺大王之罪当诛________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(7)有狼当道,人立而啼________(《狼》)(8)一夫当关,万夫莫开________(《蜀道难》)(9)垣墙周庭,以当南日________(《项脊轩志》)19.道(1)怀其璧,从径道亡________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(2)从郦山下,道芷阳间行________(《鸿门宴》)(3)师者,所以传道受业解惑也________(《师说》)(4)赂秦而力亏,破灭之道也________(《六国论》)(5)伐无道,诛暴秦________(《陈涉世家》)(6)人道是,三国周郎赤壁________(《念奴娇·赤壁怀古》)(7)复道行空,不霁何虹?________(《阿房宫赋》)(8)于是废先王之道________(《过秦论》)20.得(1)此言得之________(《六国论》)(2)未得与项羽相见________(《鸿门宴》)(3)吾得兄事之________(《鸿门宴》)(4)所识穷乏者得我欤________(《鱼我所欲也》)(5)古人之观于天地……鸟兽,往往有得________(《游褒禅山记》)(6)积善成德,而神明自得,圣心备焉________(《劝学》)[答案]11.(1)竟然(2)曾经(3)通“增”,增加12.(1)趁着,凭借(2)登上(3)乘坐(4)冒着(5)坐,驾(6)乘坐13.(1)如果(2)实在,的确(3)果真,如果(4)如果(5)实在,确实14.(1)铲除,消灭(2)消除(3)拜官授职(4)台阶(5)解除,脱下(6)副词,除外15.(1)辞别,告别(2)推托,推辞(3)推辞(4)告别(5)讲究,计较(6)辞别(7)辞谢,婉言道歉(8)审讯16.(1)使……跟随,使……随从(2)听从,顺从(3)向……学习(4)依傍(5)由,自(6)投身(7)通“纵”,合纵之策17.(1)危险(2)近于,几乎(3)大概,恐怕(4)精神疲倦而无所得18.(1)对着(2)必然,一定(3)对等,比得上(4)值,正在(5)承担(6)应当,应该(7)阻,拦(8)占据,把守(9)挡住,屏蔽19.(1)路,道路(2)取道(3)道理,规律(4)原因(5)道义(6)说,谈论(7)廊道(8)主张,思想,学说20.(1)心得,收获(2)能够(3)要,必须(4)通“德”,感恩(5)收获(6)具备三组21.度(1)试使山东之国与陈涉度长絮大________(《过秦论》)(2)度我至军中,公乃入________(《鸿门宴》)(3)春风不度玉门关________(《凉州词》)(4)乃曰:“吾忘持度。”________(《郑人买履》)(5)一夜飞度镜湖月________(《梦游天姥吟留别》)(6)予怀怆然……因自度此曲________(《扬州慢》)(7)崔九堂前几度闻________(《江南逢李龟年》)(8)群臣惊愕,卒起不意,尽失其度________(《荆轲刺秦王》)(9)秋月春风等闲度________(《琵琶行》)22.非(1)登高而招,臂非加长也________(《劝学》)(2)六国破灭,非兵不利,战不善,弊在赂秦________(《六国论》)(3)人非生而知之者,孰能无惑________(《师说》)(4)备他盗之出入与非常也________(《鸿门宴》)(5)觉今是而昨非________(《归去来兮辞》)(6)举世非之而不加沮________(《逍遥游》)23.复(1)更若役,复若赋,则何如________(《捕蛇者说》)(2)明年复攻赵,杀二万人________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(3)山重水复疑无路________(《游山西村》)(4)幸复得此妇________(《孔雀东南飞》)24.负(1)颁白者不负戴于道路矣________(《寡人之于国也》)(2)均之二策,宁许以负秦曲________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(3)秦贪,负其强________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(4)臣诚恐见欺于王而负赵________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(5)相如度秦王虽斋,决负约不偿城________(《廉颇蔺相如列传》)(6)故不战而强弱胜负已判矣________(《六国论》)25.盖(1
本文标题:高考《考试大纲》规定的120个文言实词
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