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小升初英语语法时态讲解与归纳汇总一般现在时一.意义:表示经常发生的事情,动作或存在的状态二.构成及变化1.be动词的变化。肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:Iamaboy.我是一个男孩。否定句:主语+be+not+其它。如:Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be+主语+其它。如:-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Whereismybike?2.行为动词的变化。当主语为第一,二人称及复数时,助动词为do肯定句:主语+动词原形(+其它)。如:Weoftenplaybasketballafterschool.否定句:主语+don't+动词原形(+其它)。如:wedon’tplaybasketballafterschool.一般疑问句:Do+主语+动词原形+其它?如:Doyouoftenplaybasketballafterschooll?Yes,wedo./No,wedon't.特殊疑问句:疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句?如:Whatdoyouoftendoafterschool?当主语为第三人称单数时,助动词为does肯定句:主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如:Heswimswell.否定句:主语+doesn’t+动词原形(+其它)。如:Hedoesn’tswimwell..一般疑问句:Does+主语+动词原形+其它。如:Doesheswimwell?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.特殊疑问句:疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句?如:Howdoesyourfathergotowork?三.第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中,动词才用三单式)(1)多数动词直接加s:runsgetslikescolletstakesplaysclimbs…….(2)结尾是s,x,sh,ch,o,前为辅音字母,结尾加es:watchesteachesgoesdoeswashescrossesmixesbrushes(3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es:study→studiesfly→fliescarry→carriescry→cries但在y前如果为元音则直接加s:buyssays四.时间标志:always,usually,often,sometimes,every…现在进行时一.意义——当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。二.构成:be(am,is,are)+动词现在分词-ing形式肯定句:主语+be+现在分词V-ing(+其他)I’mdoingmyhomeworknow.否定句:主语+be+not+动词-ing+其他.I’mnotdoingmyhomeworknow.一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词-ing+其他?Areyoudoingyourhomeworknow?Yes,Iam.No,I’mnot.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他?Whatareyoudoingnow?三.现在分词的构成:(1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing,(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加ing,如skate→skatingmake→makingdance→dancingwrite→writinghave→havingride→ridingcome→coming(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:puttingrunningbeginningstoppingswimmingshoppingjoggingsittinggettingforgettingletting四.时间标志——now,句前的look,listen一般过去时一.意义:表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态.二.构成及变化1.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:am和is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot=wasn’t)are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren’t)带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化:肯定句:主语+动词的过去式.IwatchedafilmlastSunday.否定句:主语+didn’t+动词原形.Ididn’twatchafilmlastSunday.一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形?DidyouwatchafilmlastSunday?Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.特殊疑问句:疑问词+以did开头的一般疑问句?WhatdidyoudolastSunday?三、时间标志:yesterday,yesterdaymorning(afternoon,evening…)lastnight(week,month,year…),amomentago,aweekago,threeyearsago…一般将来时一.意义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。二.构成及变化:一般将来时常用的两种结构begoingto+动词原形:表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。shall/will+动词原形:表示将要发生的动作或情况,没有太多的计划性,还用来表示意愿1.begoingto+动词原形1.肯定句主语+be(am/,is,/are)goingto+动词原形+其它成份MysisterisgoingtolearnEnglishnextyear.我姐姐准备明年学英语。2.否定句主语+be(am/is/are)notgoingto+动词原形+其它成份Iamnotgoingto(goto)thecinematonight.我今天晚上不打算去看电影。3.一般疑问句Be(am/is/are)+主语+goingto+动词原型+其它成份…?Isyourfathergoingtoplaybasketballwithyou?No,heisn’t.你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?不。4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句?WhereareyougoingtospendSpringFesital.?春节你打算在哪过?5.注意:begoingto结构后面习惯上不跟go,come等表位移的动词,一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如:He’sgoingtoNewYorknextweek.下周他要去纽约.2.will/shall+动词原形(在书面语中,主语是第一人称时,常用shall,在口语中,所有人称都可以用will)1.肯定句主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份I(shall)writetohimnextweek.下周我将给他写信。2.否定句主语+will/shall+not+动词原形+其它成份Theywon’twatchTVthisevening.今天晚上他们不看电视。3.一般疑问句will/shall+主语+动词原形+其它成份Willyoustayathomewithustomorrow?明天你和我们呆在家里好吗?4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句Whenwillyourfatherbeback?你爸爸什么时侯回来?三、附:ShallI/we…常用来征求对方意见,而问对方是否愿意,或者表示客气的邀请,常用Willyou…?他们的回答比较灵活。1.Shallwegotothepark?肯定Sure,let’sgo.否定No,let’sgotothecinema.2.Willyoupleasecometomybirthdaypartynextweek?肯定Yes,Iwill./Sure.否定I’msorry.I’mafraidIcan’t.四、时间标志:tomorrow,soon,nextMonday,nextyear,nextweekend,thisafternoon,thisevening……justnow,班级:学号:姓名:1、他不高。——————————————————————————————————3、我们晚上经常看电视。——————————————————————————————————8、汤姆正在公园里跑步。——————————————————————————————————11、他们在干什么?——————————————————————————————————15、他们将去哪里游泳?——————————————————————————————————17、我们将去溜冰。——————————————————————————————————练习题:一、用动词的正确形式填空1.I________(do)myhomeworkeveryevening.2.We_______(fly)kitesintheparkonSundays.3.Mymother_____________(clean)ourroomonSundays.4.Tom____________(play)thepianoeverySaturday.Nowhe____________(play).5.She___________(like)swimming.She_____________(swim)thisweekend.6.Usuallymymother_______________(wash)thedishesafterlunch.Butmygrandma_____________(wash)today.7.Lookattheman!He____________(read)amagazine.8.Look!Theplane______________(fly)overthebuilding.9.Listen!Myaunt______________(sing)intheroom.Sheisasinger.She__________(like)singing.She_____________(have)amusicshow.Sheisexcited.10.TomandMikealways______________(swim)intheriver.They___________(swim)intheswimmingpoolthisSunday.Look!They________________(swim).11.What____youusually______(do)intheevening?I______(play)computergames.12.What_______you_______(do)now?I__________(make)apaperplane.13.What_______he_______(do)?He_____________(dance).14.What_______she______(do)yesterday?She______(visit)hergrandparents.15.______yourmother______(read)newspaperinthemorning?Yes,She________.16._______you_______(like)fishing?No,I______.Ilike__________(swim),butmybrother___________(like).17.How______yourfather_______(go)toworkeveryday?He_________(go)bybike.Butit’scoldtoday.He___________(take)theNo.21bus,,andhe____________(go)toworkbytaxiyesterday.18._______themonkey_______(like)climbingtrees?Yes,it_____
本文标题:小升初英语语法时态讲解与归纳汇总
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