财务管理第一章 财务管理概述

谓语动词时态语态1谓语动词的时态&语态时态：动作发生的时间及其当时的状态的对应叫时态。动作发生的时间不同，其状态形式就不同。时态构成（以do为例）基本用法常见的时间搭配1.一般现在时do/does表示经常发生或反复发生的动作；客观事实或普遍真理；现在或现阶段的情况或状态等。Thebusleavesat5o’clock.sometimes,often,always,at…,onSunday,every+…2.一般过去时did表示过去的动作或状态、过去习惯性的动作；在时间或条件状语从句中表过去等。Heusuallywenttoschoolbybikewhenhewasastudent.yesterday(morning/afternoon/evening),lastweek/year/week,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow…3.一般将来时willdo表示将来发生的动作或状态。Iwillaskhimforhelp.tomorrow(morning/afternoon/evening),nextFriday,intwoweeks…4.过去将来时woulddo常用于宾语从句或间接引语中；从过去的观点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态等。Theyaskedthebossiftheywouldcarryouttheplansoon.多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作5.现在进行时is/am/are+doing表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事等。Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.now6.过去进行时was/were+doing表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作；按计划过去某时刻要发生的动作等。Iwasshoppingwithmyfamily.At8o’clockyesterday,from9to10lastevening,bedoing…when…7.现在完成时has/havedone表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状For,since,sofar,ever,never,yet,uptonow,inthepastyears,recently…谓语动词时态语态2态。Ihavemademuchprogressinmathinthelastthreemonths.8.过去完成时haddone表示在过去某个动作或时间前就已经发生或完成的动作，即指“过去的过去”。Ihadfinishedthetaskbeforeyoucalledme.before/by+过去的时间/动作【注】1.动词第三人称单数的构成规则：①一般直接加-s，例want---wants；②s,x,ch,sh,o结尾，加-es，例teach---teaches；③辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再加-es，例study---studies。2.现在分词的构成规则：①一般直接加-ing，例study---studying；②以不发音字母e结尾，去e加-ing，例live---living；③辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾，且为重读音节时，需双写最后的辅音字母再加-ing，例begin---beginning；④以-ie结尾的词，变ie为y，再加-ing，例die---dying。3.动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则：①一般直接加-ed，例want---wanted；②以e结尾只加-d，例live---lived；③辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再加-ed，例study---studied；④辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾，且为重读音节时，需双写最后的辅音字母再加-ed，例stop---stopped；⑤不规则动词另记。语态：在表示主动关系时（即主语为动作的执行者时），谓语的形式称为主动语态；不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，或者需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，就用被动语态。时态谓语动词的形式（以do为例）主动被动1.一般现在时do/doesis/am/are+done2.一般过去时didwas/were+done3.一般将来时willdowillbe+done4.过去将来时woulddowouldbedone5.现在进行时is/am/are+doingis/am/are+beingdone6.过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+beingdone7.现在完成时has/havedonehas/havebeendone8.过去完成时haddonehadbeendone【做题方法】1）辨明主动被动；2）找时间状语；3）找已有谓语动词时态；4）注意一些特定句式的时态要求。谓语动词时态语态3【基础练】1.Light(travel)fasterthansound.2.Bobwouldhavehelpedusyesterday,buthe(be)toobusy.3.Thework(finish)intendays.4.Hetoldmehe(arrive)onMondaymorning,butheneverappeared.5.Look!They(play)basketballontheplayground.6.IfirstmetTomtenyearsago.He(work)inaTVfactoryatthattime.7.Manybridges(build)overtheriversince1949.8.WhenIgotthere,Iwastoldthathe(go)toShanghai.Bytheendoflastyear,we(learn)atleast3,000Englishwords.【提升练】2018~2012年高考题（改编）单句语法填空/单句改错1.（2018全国一，64）Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit________(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife…2.（2018全国一卷，短文改错）Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.3.（2018全国二卷,61）Since2011,thecountry______________（grow）morecornthanrice.4.（2018全国二卷,68）TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005---whenthegovernment_________________(start)asoil-testingprogramwhichgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers---and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.5.（2018全国二卷,短文改错）Ididn’trealizehowrightmyparentsareuntilIenteredhighschool.谓语动词时态语态46.（2018全国三卷，69）whenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofindthemalive.Truetogorilla’sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal____________(mean)menorealharm.7.（2018全国三卷,短文改错）ItwasMondaymorning,andthewritingclasshadjustbegin.8.（2018全国三卷,短文改错）Atthatmoment,Irememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid,“Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.”9.（2017全国一卷，64）Whenfatandsalt_________________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.10.（2017全国一卷，67）Fastfood____________(be)fulloffatandsalt.11.（2017全国一卷,短文改错）Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mygoesblank.12.（2017全国二卷，65）Steamengines___________________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccess…13.（2017全国二卷，68）Later,engineers________________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels,whichbecameknownastheTube.14.（2017全国二卷,短文改错）Whenthesummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudentstopickthefreshvegetables!15.（2017全国三卷，63）Sarah_______________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.16.（2017全国三卷，69）Butatthemoment,school__________________(come)first.17.（2017全国三卷,短文改错）Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.18.（2017全国三卷,短文改错）（改两处错误）Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.谓语动词时态语态519.(2016·全国Ⅰ，62)I________(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600－acrecentre.20.(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.21.(2016·全国Ⅱ，43)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow________(be)oftenacceptable.22.(2016·全国Ⅲ，42)Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.23.(2016·全国Ⅲ，49)Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand________(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.24.(2015·全国Ⅰ，61)Itwasrainingl