如何做好短文填空

如何有效备考中考短文填空一、考纲分析“短文填空”实际上是“完形填空”题型的又一种表现形式，旨在考查考生能否结合题目的要求，以不同的形式来补全一篇文章。这类题目考查了学生的观察力、分析力、判断力、联想力、阅读理解能力和综合语言运用能力。本题共15分，占整份英语试题分值的12.5%（15/120）。近五年广东省中考短文填空考点分分析年份考点20132012201120102009权重动词3223428%名词2133324%形容词0221112%代词1121112%副词2111010%介词110106%冠词110004%连词010014%二、题型分析1.题型特点：1）文章不会太长（130-200个单词左右），第一行不设空。2）词汇难度不高，文章难度要略低于阅读。2.考点设置：重点考查单词拼写、语言基础知识、语篇理解能力和语言表达能力。词汇方面以实词为主，即指名词、动词、形容词、副词。兼顾其它考点。3.提示方式：自由填词型。4.考生难点：首先：单词拼写问题。很多可能知道要填的单词，但拼写往往出错。其次：如何确定所填词的词性。有些空确实特别需要注意的是细节的把握：如名词的单复数，和动词形式的变化以及词性之间的变换。三、如何做好短文填空?（一）正确的步骤（二）适当的技巧（三）适量的练习（一）正确的解题步骤:1.浏览全文,掌握文章的大意;a.进行跳格阅读.b.注意文章时态.2.根据词义,判断词形进行填空;a.先填上固定搭配与习惯表达等较易的空格.b.不太明朗的空格要根据语境和语义反复推敲.c.注意词形变化（如：复数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词等）3.通读全文,检查核对.Itwas.Mrs.Smithwenttodosomewithherhusband.第一招:金睛火眼(认真、细致地观察图画,就可以直接在图画中找到答案或信息。)SaturdayshoppingItwaso’clockinthemorning.Mr.Smith…Thenhelefthomeandrodeatothestation.sevenbike第二招：有样学样（观察上下文，找出能推断出答案的信息）(1)一模一样white1.Tinanoticedthathermotherhadsome______hairsonherhead.Thensheasked,“Whydoyouhavesomewhitehairs,Mom?”Whenhegothome,heopenhisbag.Hewantedtogetthekeys.Theywerealwaysthere.Buthecouldn’tfindthekeysthistime…Amomentlaterhejumpedintotheroomandwasveryhappy.Butwhenheputhishandintohispocket.Hefoundhis__________rightthere.keysChildrenhavetodoalotofeverydaynotonlyatschoolbutalsoathome.Somechildrenhavesomuchworktodothattheyoftenhavetoworklateintothenightbeforetheycanfinishtheirhomework.homework(2)连词推断2.Hours,days,______andmonthswentby,butnobirdscameatall.weeksOnceaFrenchmanwastravellinginEngland.HeknewveryEnglish.第三招：放飞想象（答案可以在图画或文章中推测出来。）littleWhenTomgotschool,itwaseightten.Theteacherhadalreadybegunherlesson.AssoonasTomcameintotheclassroom,shegotandsaid,…angry(1)介词常与名词/动词/形容词进行搭配如(2)动词与非谓语动词的搭配动+do:动+todo:动+doing:(3)其他类型的固定搭配如both…and…;neither…nor…第四招：讲究搭配（根据习惯用语和短语来填写）bybike,putup,beworriedaboutmakesb.dodecidetodoenjoydoing1.(2012中考）Ialmosthavenotimeformyhobbies,_____asplayingvolleyballandping-pong.2.Suddenlyhe______upwithagoodideaandwentoutofhisroom.suchcame第五招：定位（确定所填词的词性）(1)缺主语或宾语，则填名词，______或者_______.例：1._______makeschildrenliketheseasidesomuch?Ithinkit’sthesand.2.Shestudiesinanartschool,_________tomusicisherfavorite.代词动名词Whatlistening(2)若宾语用的是“____+todo形式”，则填________例:1.Hewassoafraidthathedidn’tknow_____todo.2.(2011中考）Hewantedapairofnewshoes,buthisfamilyissopoor.Hewasthinkingabout_____totellhismotheraboutit.疑问词whathow(3)缺谓语，则填________.（2012中考）I’mupsetthesedays.Ihaveaproblem,andIdonot_____howtodealwithit.know动词(4)若两个句子间要填一个空，则很可能是填_______或者________.1.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,______hefeltveryhappy.but2.Hecameuptotheman_______issittingontheground.who/that连词从句引导词第一招:金睛火眼（认真、细致地观察图画,就可以直接在图画中找到答案或信息。）第二招：有样学样（善于从下文或前文找一模一样的信息。）第三招：放飞想象（答案可以在图画或文章中推测出来。）第四招：讲究搭配（根据习惯用语和短语来填写。）第五招：定位（确定所填词的词性）确定语义，判断词形名词动词形容词&副词（二）适当的解题技巧：….1.名词：考查名词的数（单复数形式、不规则的变化）以及名词所有格。2.动词:考查谓语动词的人称、数、时态、语态、不定式todo，动词的现在分词ing形式、过去分词done、固定搭配等。实词--动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词虚词--连词、介词、冠词、感叹词3.形容词：考查原级、比较级、最高级，部分形容词和副词同形的词。4.副词：考查原级、比较级、最高级，考查修饰动词、句子等。9.冠词：考查a、an修饰可数名词单数，和定冠词the或固定搭配。5.代词：考查不定代词、物主代词、人称代词的主格、宾格、反身代词等，一般由意思判定。6.数词：常考基数词和序数词，或是分数的表示方法。7.连词：考查句子间的逻辑关系、填入的词、要符合上下文逻辑即可。8.介词：常考查固定短语搭配。短文填空评分标准1.与所给答案一致，或意思符合短文内容要求且形式正确给满分。2.答案意思相符但形式错误扣0.5分，大小写扣0.5分3.意思不符不得分。短文填空解题策略Ⅰ.跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意。Ⅱ.复读短文，结合语境，确定词义。Ⅲ.周密分析，上下兼顾，确定词性。Ⅳ.依据搭配，遵循语法，确定答案。Ⅴ.全面考虑，仔细检查，注重细节。DearAnne,Howareyou?IhadgreatfunlastWednesday,71____12th,2013.ItwasatraditionalChinesefestivalcalledDragonBoatFestivalthatday.ThisfestivalisinmemoryofQuYuan,oneof72____greatestChinesepoets.HekilledhimselfbyjumpingintotheMiluoRiveronMay5thofthelunarcalendar(阴历)，278BC.Peoplethererowedtheboatsto73______him.直击中考（2013年）Junethesave农历5月初5，上下文提示语境语法、最高级前面用the逻辑推理，上下文语境killedhimselfButitwastoolate.Theywereverysadandthenthrewriceintothe74________tofeedthefishessothattheywouldstayawayfromhisbody.75______thenon,everyyearonthisday,peopleenjoy76__________Zongziwhichismadeofricewithmeat,eggsandsoon.Inthepastweateitonly77______ayear,butnowweregardeditasourdailyfood.Wecanhaveitanytimewelike.Fromriver/wateronceeating/having上文汨罗江提示固定搭配语境、固定搭配enjoy逻辑推理、语境Haveyouever78__________thedragonboatraceonTV?Itisanotherimportantpartofthisfestival.Severalteamsrowtheirdragon-shapedboatsas79______astheycan.Thefirstteamtoreachthefinishlinewins.IfyouhaveaplantovisitChinanextyear,would80______liketospendthisfestivalwithus?fastwatched/seenyouonTV语法、固定搭配语法、语境row语法、固定句型wouldsb.liketodo？Whenshouldweuseanoun(名词）?备考实录1.Ihopeyouwillmakeeffortstoovercomeallkindsof__________2.Great_________havetakenplaceinourhometown.3.Theteacher’s_____________encouragedhimtostudyharder.difficultieschangeswords/help1.空格前是不定代词(some,all,any,both,few…)Conclusion:2.空格前是数词(one,two,three,first,second…..)3.空格前是物主代词(my,our,her,his,their)4.空格前是形容词5.空格前是冠词（a,an,the)6.空格前是名词的所有格（sb’s)7.空格前是指示代词(this/these;that/those)Conclusion:都要考虑名词名词有可数名词和不可数名词，注意可数名词的单复数形式，尤其是不规则的变化。Whenshouldweuseaverb（动词）?Iam_______forwardtohearingfromyouagain.Afterthestorm,manybigtrees______downandlitterwerearound.lookingfell1.空格前是be动词（am,is,are,was,were)Conclusion:考虑是用进行时态（bedoing)还是被动语态(bedone)2.空格