英语选修7第一单元语法：动词不定式

Unit1RevisetheInfinitive动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式。由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。动词不定式1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用1.Todothatsortofthingisfoolish.It'sfoolishtodothatsortofthings.(主语)Itwouldbebetterforyoutogothere.2.Allyouhavetodoistofinishthejobquickly.WhatIwanttodoistohavearest.(表语)3.Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.(宾语)Hefounditdifficulttogetupearly.4.Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth.Bettywasthefirstgirltocome.（定语）5.Sheaskedmetostayhere.（宾补）6.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.（状语）Hewenttotheseasideonlytobedrowned.一.结构:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoing--------------------(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)Martysays…2.Iusedtoclimbtrees,swimandplayfootball.3.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.1.Unfortunately,thedoctorsdon’tknowhowtomakemebetter,butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearnedtoadapttomydisability.4.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknowwhatthefutureholds.5.Sometimes,too,Iwastooweaktogotoschoolsomyeducationsuffered.6.MyambitionistoworkforafirmthatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.Martysays…Martysays…7.LastyearIinvented…andabigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.8.Ialsohavetodoalotofwork,especiallyifIhavebeenawayforawhile.9.Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.DoyoubelieveIcanflylikeabird?HowcanyoubelieveIcanflylikeabird?_______istobelieve.It’simpossibleforhumans_________________now.ToseetoflylikeabirdToseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.1.主语•单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数•若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.It’simpossibleforhumanstoflylikeabirdnow.Myjobto________________.Yourtaskto_____________.isis(2).不定式作表语protecttheworld.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.isisHelikesto______________.(3)不定式作宾语playbasketball常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,appear,ask,attempt；decide,demand,determine；expect,fail,get,hate,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,manage,plan,prepare,pretend,promise；refuse,seem,tend,threaten；want,wish等+todo。Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.think/consider/findit+adj.+todoMymotheraskmeto____________twohourseveryday.(4).不定式作宾补playthepianoTheteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.引导不定式作宾补的动词：warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sbtodosthIhavesomethingtosay,butmybrotherhasalotofhomeworktodo,soIamlookingforsomeonetohelpme.(5).不定式作定语不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.Igotupearlyto______________.Icamehereto___________.(6)不定式作状语inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too….to.,catchthetrainHespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.(1.)表示目的:toinordertosoasto6作状语Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.Icameheretoseeyou.(2.)表示原因:不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,angry,right,wrong,,disappointed等。eg:I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.so+adj./adv.+astodo…such+adj.+n.+astodo…adj./adv.+enough+todoHewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.(3.)结果状语:注意:不定式往往表示与主观愿望相反的结果。Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.Totellthetruth,Iamnothappyatthemoment.(7).独立结构•tobefrank,•tobehonest,•totellthetruthHedidn’tknow____________.(8).与疑问词等连用whattosay疑问词who,which,when,how,what等与不定式连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.(宾语)他不知道说什么。Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主语)如何解决这个问题很重要。Myquestioniswhentostart.(表语)我的问题是什么时候开始。疑问词+不定式注意：(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.A:—Wouldyouliketogowithme?B:—I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.A:—Wouldyouliketobeateacher?B:—I’dliketobe.1.Myteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.A.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.A.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.A.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.A.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.HavingsleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Tosleep6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.A.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.A.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforus___theworkaheadoftime.A.tobefinishedB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tofinish11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.----Whynot___there