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BusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-1Chapter1IntroductionandDataCollectionBusinessStatistics:AFirstCourseFifthEditionBusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-2LearningObjectivesInthischapteryoulearn:HowStatisticsisusedinbusinessThesourcesofdatausedinbusinessThetypesofdatausedinbusinessThebasicsofMicrosoftExcelThebasicsofMinitabBusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-3WhyLearnStatistics?Soyouareabletomakebettersenseoftheubiquitoususeofnumbers:BusinessmemosBusinessresearchTechnicalreportsTechnicaljournalsNewspaperarticlesMagazinearticlesBusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-4Whatisstatistics?AbranchofmathematicstakingandtransformingnumbersintousefulinformationfordecisionmakersMethodsforprocessing&analyzingnumbersMethodsforhelpingreducetheuncertaintyinherentindecisionmakingBusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-5WhyStudyStatistics?DecisionMakersUseStatisticsTo:PresentanddescribebusinessdataandinformationproperlyDrawconclusionsaboutlargegroupsofindividualsoritems,usinginformationcollectedfromsubsetsoftheindividualsoritems.MakereliableforecastsaboutabusinessactivityImprovebusinessprocessesBusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-6TypesofStatisticsStatisticsThebranchofmathematicsthattransformsdataintousefulinformationfordecisionmakers.DescriptiveStatisticsCollecting,summarizing,anddescribingdataInferentialStatisticsDrawingconclusionsand/ormakingdecisionsconcerningapopulationbasedonlyonsampledataBusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-7DescriptiveStatisticsCollectdatae.g.,SurveyPresentdatae.g.,TablesandgraphsCharacterizedatae.g.,Samplemean=iXnBusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-8InferentialStatisticsEstimatione.g.,EstimatethepopulationmeanweightusingthesamplemeanweightHypothesistestinge.g.,Testtheclaimthatthepopulationmeanweightis120poundsDrawingconclusionsaboutalargegroupofindividualsbasedonasubsetofthelargegroup.BusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-9BasicVocabularyofStatisticsVARIABLEAvariableisacharacteristicofanitemorindividual.DATADataarethedifferentvaluesassociatedwithavariable.OPERATIONALDEFINITIONSDatavaluesaremeaninglessunlesstheirvariableshaveoperationaldefinitions,universallyacceptedmeaningsthatarecleartoallassociatedwithananalysis.BusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-10BasicVocabularyofStatisticsPOPULATIONApopulationconsistsofalltheitemsorindividualsaboutwhichyouwanttodrawaconclusion.SAMPLEAsampleistheportionofapopulationselectedforanalysis.PARAMETERAparameterisanumericalmeasurethatdescribesacharacteristicofapopulation.STATISTICAstatisticisanumericalmeasurethatdescribesacharacteristicofasample.BusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-11Populationvs.SamplePopulationSampleMeasuresusedtodescribethepopulationarecalledparametersMeasurescomputedfromsampledataarecalledstatisticsBusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-12WhyCollectData?Amarketingresearchanalystneedstoassesstheeffectivenessofanewtelevisionadvertisement.Apharmaceuticalmanufacturerneedstodeterminewhetheranewdrugismoreeffectivethanthosecurrentlyinuse.Anoperationsmanagerwantstomonitoramanufacturingprocesstofindoutwhetherthequalityoftheproductbeingmanufacturedisconformingtocompanystandards.Anauditorwantstoreviewthefinancialtransactionsofacompanyinordertodeterminewhetherthecompanyisincompliancewithgenerallyacceptedaccountingprinciples.BusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-13SourcesofDataPrimarySources:ThedatacollectoristheoneusingthedataforanalysisDatafromapoliticalsurveyDatacollectedfromanexperimentObserveddataSecondarySources:ThepersonperformingdataanalysisisnotthedatacollectorAnalyzingcensusdataExaminingdatafromprintjournalsordatapublishedontheinternet.BusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-14SourcesofdatafallintofourcategoriesDatadistributedbyanorganizationoranindividualAdesignedexperimentAsurveyAnobservationalstudyBusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-15TypesofVariablesCategorical(qualitative)variableshavevaluesthatcanonlybeplacedintocategories,suchas“yes”and“no.”Numerical(quantitative)variableshavevaluesthatrepresentquantities.BusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-16TypesofDataDataCategoricalNumericalDiscreteContinuousExamples:MaritalStatusPoliticalPartyEyeColor(Definedcategories)Examples:NumberofChildrenDefectsperhour(Counteditems)Examples:WeightVoltage(Measuredcharacteristics)BusinessStatistics:AFirstCourse,5e©2009Prentice-Hall,Inc.Chap1-17PersonalComputerProgramsUsedForStatisticsMinitabAstatisticalpackagetoperformstatisticalanalysisDesignedtoperformanalysisasaccuratelyaspossibleMicrosoftExcelAmulti-functionaldataanalysistoolCanperformmanyfunctionsbutnoneaswellasprogramsthatarededicatedtoasinglefunctio