汉魏晋南北朝文学特点

LiteratureinHan,Wei,Jin,SouthernandNorthernDynasties汉魏晋南北朝时期文学CategoryofHanDynastyLiterature1.PoliticalProse政论散文2.HistoricalProse历史散文3.Hanfu汉赋4.YuefuFolksongs汉乐府民歌5.Fivewordpoem文人五言诗1.PoliticalProse：OnFaultsofQin贾谊《过秦论》晁错《论贵粟疏》董仲舒《贤良对策》2.HistoricalProse：RecordsoftheGrandHistorian司马迁《史记》3.Hanfu——longessays（大赋）&shortessays（小赋）OnFaultsofQin《过秦论》贾谊LamentingQuYuan《吊屈原赋》贾谊MasterVoidRhapsody《子虚赋》司马相如RhapsodyonGreatMan《上林赋》司马相如4.YuefuFolksongsSoutheastPeacockFlies《孔雀东南飞》TheBalladofMulan《木兰诗》RoadsideMulberryTree《陌上桑》TheSongOfanOrphan《孤儿行》TheEasterGate《东门行》5.FivewordpoemthenineteenAncientPoems《古诗十九首》CategoryoftheLiteratureintheWei,Jin,SouthernandNorthernDynasties1.thestoriesrecordingspiritsandanecdotes（志人志怪小说）2.Jian’anLiterature（建安文学）3.TaoYuanming’sWorks4.ParalletProse（骈文）5.yuefufolksongs（乐府诗）1.thestoriesrecordingspiritsandanecdotes（志人志怪小说）aNewAccountoftheTalesoftheworld《世说新语》StoriesofImmortals《搜神记》2.Jian’anLiterature（建安文学）The“ThreeCaos”（曹操《薤露行》《蒿里行》《苦寒行》，《观沧海》《观沧海》《龟虽寿》，曹丕的《燕歌行》《典论·论文》，曹植《白马篇》《美女篇》）The“SevenMastersoftheJian’anPeriod”（王粲《七哀诗》、《登楼赋》,陈琳《饮马长城窟行》、阮瑀《驾出北郭门行》、刘桢《赠从弟》）CaiYan蔡琰（五言《悲愤诗》，骚体《悲愤诗》和《胡笳十八拍》）3.TaoYuanming’sWork（陶渊明的作品）ThePeachBlossomSpring《桃花源记》(散文)《五柳先生传》(散文)《归去来兮辞》(辞赋)《饮酒》(田园诗)《归园田居》(咏怀诗)4.ParalletProse（骈文）TheLiteraryMindandCarvingofDragons《文心雕龙》刘勰5.yuefufolksongsTheChileBallad《敕勒歌》ThefeatureofliteratureinHanDynastiesContentsofhanfu一是渲染宫殿城市；二是描写帝王游猎；三是叙述旅行经历；四是抒发不遇之情；五是杂谈禽兽草木。Featuresofhanfu散韵结合，专事铺叙。即汉赋多用铺陈，押韵的手法。ThefeatureofliteratureinHanDynastiesContentsofyuefufolksongs爱情婚姻、下层的艰苦生活、上层的奢华生活、战争、感喟生命Featuresofyuefufolksongs1、汉乐府最大、最基本的艺术特色是它的叙事性2、通过人物的语言和行动来表现人物性格3、语言的朴素自然而带感情4、形式的自由和多样，有三言、四言、五言、六言以及杂言种种，其中最常用的是新兴的杂言和五言诗5、浪漫主义的色彩6、两汉乐府诗还表达了强烈的乐生恶死愿望FeaturesofliteratureinWei,Jin,SouthernandNorthernDynasties魏晋南北朝时期文学总体特征是乱世文学。具体表现在七个方面：1、文学的感情基调表现为悲观和放达2、文学的主题是生死、游仙和隐逸3、文学中渗透着儒学、玄学与佛学思想4、文学中反映了寒门之士的抑郁不平5、大量出现文学家族6、创作形式异彩纷呈7、文学理论和批评的兴盛及文学的自觉ItisamonumentalworkthatrecordingtheChinesehistoryfromthetimeofthelegendaryfigureYellowEmperortotheHanDynasty,overaperiodofabout3,000years,in130chapters.SimaQianappliedthefollowingfivestylesinwritingthebook:RecordsoftheGrandHistorian(《史记》)——BySimaQianTheContentsinTheRecordsoftheGrandHistorian12volumesofBenji(本纪：biographiesofprominentrulersandemperors)10volumesofBiao(表：chronologicaltables)8volumesofShu(书：economicandculturalrecordsofthetime)30volumesofShijia(世家：biographiesofnotablerulers,nobility贵族阶层andbureaucrats官僚)70volumesofLiezhuan(列传:biographiesofimportantfigures)Yuefufolksongsaremostlywritteninfive-characterlines,althoughsomeareinseven-characterormulti-characterlines.Theyreflecttherealityandlifeoflower-classworkingpeople.ThemostoutstandingworksareSoutheastthePeacockFlies(《孔雀东南飞》)andTheBalladofMulan(《木兰诗》)TheBalladofMulanandSoutheastthePeacockFliesDisneyPictures'MulanSoutheastthePeacockFliesItisthefirstlongnarrativepoeminChineseliteraryhistory.Ittellsatragiclovestoryofayoungcouple,JiaoZhongqing(焦仲卿）andLiuLanzhi（刘兰芝).ItisnarratedinthepoemthatduringJian’anPeriodintheEasternHanDynasty,agirlnamedLiuLanzhifromacommonfamilygotmarriedtoJiaoZhongqing,whogrewupinawell-knownofficialfamilywhichwasindeclineatthattime.SoutheastthePeacockFlies孔雀东南飞Thoughtheylovedeachother,theywerebrokenupbybothfamiliesduetodifferenceinfamilystatus.LiuLanzhiwasdispossessedbyhermother-in-lawfromthefamilyandthenforcedbyherelderbrothertoremarry.Finally,thecouplehadnootherchoicebutdecidetocommitsuicidefortheirfaithfullove.TheBalladofMulan木兰诗Itsingsofagirlwhodisguised(假扮)herselfasaman,joinedthearmyinplaceofherfatherandwongloryonthebattlefield.ThePeachBlossomSpring(《桃花源记》)——ByTaoYuanming–Usingplainwordsinanartisticandprofoundway,heperfecteddescriptionsofnature,andhisstylewasfollowedbypoetslongafter.Hewasamasterofthefive-character-a-linepoetry.–Itiswidelyeulogised（传颂）bylatergenerationsbecauseitdescribestheisolatedandideallifepeoplepursue.–借武陵渔人行踪这一线索，把现实和理想境界联系起来，通过对桃花源的安宁和乐、自由平等生活的描绘，表现了作者追求美好生活的理想和对当时的现实生活不满..。TheLiteratureintheWei,Jin,SouthernandNorthernDynasties•The“ThreeCaos”(CaoCao,CaoPiandCaoZhi)–CaoCaofollowedthetraditionofTheBookofSongs,writingsomefour-character-a-linepoemsdisplayinghisgreatambitionaswellasconsiderablesympathyforthesufferingsofthecommonpeople.–TheSea(《观沧海》)andAShortSong(《短歌行》)arehiswell-knownpieces.–hisgreatambitionandsympathyforthesufferingsofthecommonpeople.1、时光易逝，人生苦短2、渴望贤才，礼遇嘉宾3、渴盼人才，忧思难解4、虚心纳士，竭尽诚心诗歌的主要内容：AShortSong(《短歌行》)短歌行•对酒当歌，人生几何？•譬如朝露，去日苦多。•慨当以慷，忧思难忘。•何以解忧，唯有杜康。•青青子衿，悠悠我心。•但为君故，沉吟至今。•呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。•我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。•明明如月，何时可掇。•忧从中来，不可断绝。•越陌度阡，枉用相存。•契阔谈宴，心念旧恩。•月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。•绕树三匝，何枝可依？•山不厌高，海不厌深。•周公吐哺，天下归心。AuthorsSimaQian(ca.145or135BC–86BC)wasaChinesehistorianoftheHandynasty.HeisregardedasthefatherofChinesehistoriographybecauseofhishighlypraisedwork,RecordsoftheGrandHistorian(史记),aJizhuantistyle(纪传体)generalhistoryofChina,coveringmorethanthreethousandyearsfromtheYellowEmperortoEmperorHanWudi(汉武帝).HisdefinitiveworklaidthefoundationforlaterChinesehistoriography.evenLuXunregardedShijiasthehistorians'mostperfectsong,aLiSaowithouttherhyme(史家之绝唱，