American-political-parties(美国政党)

AmericanPoliticalPartiesCONTENTS1.originofbipartisanship2.twomainparties3.differencesbetweentheUKOrigin•Throughoutmostofitshistory,Americanpoliticshavebeendominatedbyatwo-partysystem.Atthetimeitwassignedin1787,therewerenopartiesinthenation.Indeed,nonationintheworldhadvoter-basedpoliticalparties.•TheUnitedStatesConstitutionhasneverformallyaddressedtheissueofpoliticalparties.TheFoundingFathersdidnotoriginallyintendforAmericanpoliticstobepartisan.In1789,therewasadivergefromtwomaingroupsontheinterpretation(解释）ofconstitution.LeaderAlexanderHamilton（汉密尔顿）PropositionsstrengtheningfederalpowerraisetaxationestablishnationalbankPositionTreasurySecretary（财政部长）LeaderThomasJefferson（杰裴逊）PropositionsstrengtheningstatespoweragainstestablishingnationalbankandraisingtaxationPositionSecretaryofState（国务卿）Thetwodifferentattitudeseventuallyledtotheestablishmentoftwomajorparties.OneisRepublicParty（共和党）,anotherisDemocraticParty（民主党）TheDemocraticParty-logo:donkeyTheRepublicParty-logo:elephant•1.TheDemocraticPartygrewoutof“Anti-Federalists”（反联邦主义者）thatappearedafter1789.Itwasfoundedin1828,ledbyagroupofplantersandcapitalistsandaconsiderablenumberofsmallfarmers.ThomasJeffersonwastheleader.•2.TheDemocraticPartyistheoldestandlargestpartyintheUnitedStates.Atpresent,UnitedStatesisruledbyDemocraticPartywithBarackObamaasthepresident.•Themoreliberalparty•Ideal-GovernmentshoulddomoreforallclassesofAmericans-Theyfavorastrongsocialsecuritysystem.-Supportwelfareprogramsforthepeople-Favorstrongguncontrol•Supporters-Poorerandless-privilegedAmericansAndrewJacksonJohnFKennedyBarackObamaInterestingFacts:•ThesymbolofthedonkeyfortheDemocraticPartyissaidtohavestemmedfromAndrewJackson.Hisoppositioncalledhimajackass.Insteadoftakingitasaninsult,hechosetoadoptthisasasymbol.This,inturn,becamethesymboloftheDemocraticParty.•TheDemocraticholdtherecordforcontrollingbothhousesofCongressforthemostconsecutiveCongresses.TheycontrolledbothhousesofCongressfrom1955to1981.•1.TheRepublicPartywasfoundedin1854byanti-slaveryactivistsandmodernizers.Afteritsestablishment,theRepublicPartygaineditspoliticalpowerforthefirsttimein1860,whenAbrahamLincolnwonthepresidentialelection.•2.Atpresent,RepublicPartyisthesecondlargestpartyintheUS.Today’sRepublicPartydoesn’tfavorfederalinvolvementinnation’seconomy.TheRepublicParty:•Thesecondlargestparty•Moreconservative•Ideology-Asmallgovernmentandfreemarket-Lettingbusinesscompetewithlittleornogovernmentregulationinthemarketplace-AdvocatesstrongnationaldefenseTheodoreRooseveltAbrahamLincolnHerbertHooverParties：partiesTheRepublicTheDemocraticSymbolsElephantDonkeyIdeasConservativeLiberalEconomicFreemarketGovernmentalinterventionSocialissuesOpposegovernmentalsocialsecurityprogramsSupportastrongsocialsecuritysystemsPoliticalsupportBusinessgroupsPoorerandlessprivilegedpeopleTheelection:•In2016,there’sanelectionbetweentwopartiesforAmericanpresident.BarackObamawillbeleavingofficebynextyear.TheDemocraticPartyandTheRepublicPartybothhavethecandidates.Allofcandidateshavethecampaignswhichrunforofficewithcostlymoney.Therearetwomajorcandidates.TheDemocraticPartycandidateisHillaryClinton.TheRepublicPartycandidateisDonaldTrump.TheRepubliccandidateRichbusinessmanNeverinvolvedinpoliticsFinancedbyhimselfMoreradical（激进）abouteconomicTheDemocraticcandidateThepresentSecretaryofState（国务卿）Involvedinpoliticsfor20yearsFinancedbyhercampaignMoreconservativeabouteconomicThedifferencesbetweentheUK:•1.IntheUSA,theRepublicansaretheRightofCentrepartyandtheDemocratsaretheLeftofCentreparty.IntheUK,theConservativesaretheRightofCentrepartyandLaboristheLeftofCentreparty.•2.IntheUSA,thereisnocentrepartyinthissenseofonepositionedpoliticallybetweentheRepublicansandtheDemocrats.InBritain,thereisaLiberalDemocratpartywhichideologicallyseesitselfasbetweenConservativeandLabor.•2.InAmericanpolitics,thetwomainpoliticalpartiesareloosecoalitionswithindividualcandidatesorCongressmenadoptingvaryingpositionsonmanyissues.InBritainpolitics,allpoliticalpartieshavemuchtighterreinonthepoliticspromotedbycandidatesandthevotingbyelectedrepresentatives.