高速电主轴直接转矩控制仿真与分析

重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文）高速电主轴直接转矩控制仿真与分析学生：张伟钦学号：20083239指导教师：合烨专业：机械电子工程重庆大学机械工程学院二O一二年六月GraduationDesign(Thesis)ofChongqingUniversitySimulinkandAnalysisofHighSpeedMotorizedSpindleUnderDTCControlUndergraduate:ZhangweiqinSupervisor:Prof.HeYeMajor:MechanicalandElectronicEngineeringCollegeofMechanicalEngineeringChongqingUniversityJune2012重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文）中文摘要Ⅰ摘要随着数控技术及切削刀具的迅速发展，越来越多的用于机械制造的装备在不断向高速、高精度、高效率、高自动化发展，电主轴凭借机械主轴所不能替代的优异特点，成为最能适宜现代高性能数控机床的核心部件之一，并广泛用在多轴联动、多面体加工、并联机床、复合加工机床等诸多先进产品中，其质量、性能和技术水平在很大程度上决定了整机的质量、性能和水平。目前使用高频交流异步电动机来驱动高速电主轴是主流，其控制方式通常采用变频调速方法。其中，直接转矩控制是一种发展于矢量控制技术之后的新型的高性能交流调速技术，其新颖的控制思想，简洁明了的系统结构，更适合于高速电主轴的驱动，更能满足高速电主轴高转速、宽调速范围、高速瞬间准停的动态特性和静态特性的要求，这使其成为交流传动领域的一个热点技术。本文介绍了高速电主轴直接转矩控制的基本原理和控制系统的基本构成，并利用MATLAB/SIMULINK软件，构建了高速电主轴直接转矩控制的仿真模型。利用空间矢量的分析方法，直接在定子坐标系下计算与控制交流电机的的磁链和转矩，借助于双位模拟调节器产生PWM信号，直接对逆变器的开关状态进行最佳控制，以获得转矩的高动态性能。通过设定并改变相应参数，得到仿真结果，并对结果进行分析。关键词：高速电主轴，异步电动机，直接转矩控制，磁链，MATLAB/SUMILINK仿真重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文）ABSTRACTⅡABSTRACTAstherapiddevelopmentofCNCtechnologyandcuttingtools,theequipmentmanufacturingindustryintheworlddeveloptowardsthedirectionsofhighspeed,highprecisionandhighefficiencyrapidly.Thehighspeedmotorizedspindlehasbecomeoneofcorecomponentswhicharethemostsuitableforhigh-performanceCNCmachinetools,especiallyinmulti-axispolyhedronprocessing,parallelmachine,compoundmachinetoolsandotheradvancedproducts.Itcouldnotbesubstitutedbythemechanicalmotorizedspindleunitbecauseofitsoutstandingfeatures.Thequality,performanceandleveloftheelectricspindlemaylargelydescidethequality,performanceandlevelofthemachine.Highfrequencyinductionmotorisusedinhighspeedmotorizedspindlepredominantly,andthecontrolmethodisfrequencycontrol.DirectTorqueControlanewtypeofhigh-performanceACVariableSpeedTechnologywhichisdevelopedfollowingvectorcontroltechnology.Becauseofthenovelcontrolideaandthesamplesystemstructure,thehighspeedmotorizedspindleismoresuitableforhigh-speedelectricspindledriver.Itmeetsthehigh-speed,widespeedrange,high-speedinstantquasi-stopdynamiccharacteristicsandtherequirementsofthestaticcharacteristicsandbecomeahottechnologyinthefieldofACdrive.Inthispaper,thebasicprincipleandstructureofDTChavebeenintroduced.AnduseMatlab/SimulinkbuildtobuildtheDTCsimulationsystemmode.CalculatingandcontroltheACmotorfluxandtorqueinthestatorcoordinatesystemDirectbyusingspacevectoranalysismethod.ThePWMsignalproducebythedouble-bitanalogregulatorletheinverterswitchingstateinoptimalcontrollingleadtotorque’shighdynamicperformance.Bysettingthecorrespondingparameters,simulationresultsandtheresultswereanalyzed.Keywords:HighSpeedMotorizedSpindle,AsynchronousMotor，DirectTorqueControl，Fluxlink，Matlab/SimulinkSimulation重庆大学本科学生毕业设计（论文）目录Ⅲ目录摘要............................................................ⅠABSTRACT.........................................................Ⅱ1绪论...............................................................11.1国内高速电主轴的现状和发展趋势...............................................................................11.1.1国内外高速电主轴的现状......................................................................................11.1.2国内外高速电主轴的差距.....................................................................................21.2直接转矩控制技术的发展和现状....................................................................................41.2.1直接转矩控制技术的现状及发展趋势..................................................................41.2.2直接转矩控制技术的发展趋势..............................................................................41.3论文主要内容....................................................................................................................51.4本章小结.............................................................................................................................52直接转矩控制的基本原理........................................62.1引言....................................................................................................................................62.2异步电动机的数学模型....................................................................................................62.2.1异步电动机理想数学模型......................................................................................62.2.2异步电动机空间矢量等效电路..............................................................................72.3逆变器的开头状态及电压空间矢量................................................................................82.3.1逆变器的开关状态................................................................................................82.3.2电压空间矢量......................................................................................................102.4异步电动机的磁链模型..................................................................................................112.5空间电压矢量对定子磁链及转矩的作用......................................................................132.5.1空间电压矢量对定子磁链的作用......................................................................132.5.2空间电压矢量对电磁转矩的作用......................................................................142.6直接转矩控制系统的基本结构..........................................................................