动词ing的用法总结

动词-ing形式的用法现在分词与动名词的基本形式你知道吗？那么简单，谁不知道。是由动词末尾加-ing形式构成，因此又叫动词的-ing形式。V+-ingThe–ingform构成：1.一般情况rain------2.以e结尾的动词hope-----3.重读闭音节的动词stop-----4.以ie结尾的动词die-----lie---tie----raininghopingstoppingdyinglyingtying千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。归纳总结：◆动词-ing是____________________中的一种，单独使用时，能在句中做除______之外的任何其他句子成分。如：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。◆在语态上，动词-ing表示_____（主动/被动的动作。在时间上，动词-ing一般表示______（正在进行/已经完成）的动作。动词非谓语形式谓语主动正在进行时态和语态类别及物动词形式主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone一般式与完成式的时间意义1.Lookingcarefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater.2.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemuchnotice.–ing形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动词之前–ing形式的一般式所表示的时间与谓语动词无明显的先后顺序作主语：动名词Teachingismyfull-timejob.WritinganEnglishcompositionisnoteasy.It’suselesstakingthiskindofmedicine.归纳：常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：It+be+awasteoftimedoing做……是浪费时间的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing做……是没益/用处的Itis/washardly/scarcelyworthdoing做……不值得Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做……是值得的Thereisnodoing无法……，不允许……Thereisnosenseindoing做、、、没有道理Thereis/wasnousedoing干、、、无意义Thereis/wasnothingworsethandoing没有比、、、更糟的Thereis/wasnopointdoing干、、、无意义我们不知道要去哪儿。Therewasnoknowingwherewewouldgo.做这件傻事毫无意义。Thereisnopointdoingsuchasillything.和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。ItisuselesstryingtoarguewithShylock．这事值得去做。It’sworthmakingtheeffort．若要人不知，除非己莫为。Thereisnohidingofevilbutnottodoit．这种事开不得玩笑。Hereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter.作表语（1）动名词Myjobisteaching.=Teachingismyjob.Herfull-timejobislayingeggs.=Layingeggsisherfull-timejob.（2）现在分词Theplayisexciting.≠Excitingistheplay.Thestoryhetolduswasveryinteresting.≠Interestingwasthestoryhetoldus.作宾语1.只接动名词的动词：避免错过少延期avoid/miss/delay/postpone建议完成多练习suggest/advise/finish/complete/practice喜欢想象禁不住enjoy/imagine/can’thelp承认否定与嫉妒admit/deny/envy逃避冒险莫宽恕escape/risk/forgive/excuse忍受保持不介意stand/keep/mind允许感激和考虑allow/permit/appreciate/consider明白鼓励要禁止understand/encourage/forbid2.意义一致Like/hate/begin/start/love/continue/preferLiketodo具体的将来的一次的Likedoing习惯性经常性的Ilikeplayingfootball.Iliketoplayfootballthisafternoon.3.意义不一致A.remember/forget/regretIforgottopostyourletter.未做Iforgotpostingyourletter.做了B.mean/tryMeantodo打算meandoing意味着Trytodo努力trydoing试着C.stop/goonstoptodo另一件stopdoing同一件D.need/want/requireTheflowersneedwatering.Doing用主动Theflowersneedtobewatered.tobedone用被动接动名词作宾语的词组有：admittoprefer…tobeusedtoleadtodevoteoneselftosticktolookforwardto(to为介词）nogood,nouse,It‘sworth…,aswellas,can’thelp,It‘snouse/goodbetiredofbefondofbeafraidofbeproudofholdoffputoffkeeponinsistonsetaboutbesuccessfulingoodattakeupgiveupprevent…from…thinkof/about作宾语补足语：现在分词Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.Inoticedalongqueueoutsidethebankwaitingforittoopen.Thebabywatchedhisdadshavinghisfacewithgreatinterest.能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住：make、let、have、lookat、see、watch、hear、listento、notice、feel。“三让、三看、两听、注意感觉”。⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。awashingmachine＝amachineforwashingaswimmingpool＝apoolforswimmingThisisanewwashingmachine.作定语作定语⑵现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。•adevelopingcountry＝acountrywhichisdeveloping•asleepingboy＝aboywhoissleeping•ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.•Chinaisadevelopingcountry.作状语现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等。Hearingthecryforhelp,herushedout.（时间）Beingill,hewenthome.（原因）Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET98)（结果）Hereadamagazinewaitingforthebus.（伴随）Seeingfromthehill,youcangetthewholetown.(条件）Lookingcarefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididn’ttakemuchnotice.The–ingformusedasanadverbial.Having+pastparticiple(theperfect-ingform)torefertoanactionthattookplacebeforethetimeexpressedbymainverb.观察下列2个句子,体会havingdone与doing的不同的用法(1)Havingwrittentheletter,Johnwenttothepostoffice.(2)Seeingthebeautifulsight,thechildrenfeltexcited.总结:①②V-ingdoinghavingdone表动作有先有后表动作同时发生一般式完成式1.分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。1.Comparingallthegreatpeoplewitheachother,you’llfindthattheyhavemuchincommon.2.Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.3.Thetrainhavinggone,wehadtowaitanotherday.分析:前两例中,-ing形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中havinggone的逻辑主语是thetrain。其基本结构是:not+-ing形式,无论在完成式还是被动式里,not必须置于-ing形式之前。如:Nothavingfinishedhishomework,theboywasstilldoingitintheclassroom.2.-ing形式的否定式。根据这个性质,我们在使用-ing形式作状语时,切记不要在前面或后面的句子前用连词连接。如:Walkingonthefallenleavesinautumn,soyou’llfeelverycomfortable.(×)3.-ing形式(短语)的功能有时相当于一个状语从句。分析:如前所述,-ing形式短语相当于一个状语从句,所以后半句中的连词so的使用是错误的,应该去掉。原句应改为:Walkingonthefallenleavesinautumn,you’llfeelverycomfortable.1.Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself____（hear）.2.Onafternoon,MrsGreenwenttothemarket,____(buy)somebananasandvisitedhercousin.3.Not____(receive)areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.(METheend