第九讲会计报表分析

Slide8-1会计报表分析第九讲Slide8-2会计报表报表分析一、趋势分析二、结构分析三、盈利能力分析四、偿债能力分析五、经营能力分析Slide8-3一、趋势分析1.定基动态比率=分析期数值÷固定基期数值2.环比动态比率=分析期数值÷前期数值基本计算公式：本期数－上期数（或：基期数）／上期数（或：基期数）Slide8-4CLOVERCORPORATIONComparativeBalanceSheetsDecember31,20032002DollarChangePercentChange*AssetsCurrentassets:Cashandequivalents12,000$23,500$??Accountsreceivable,net60,00040,000Inventory80,000100,000Prepaidexpenses3,0001,200Totalcurrentassets155,000$164,700$Propertyandequipment:Land40,00040,000Buildingsandequipment,net120,00085,000Totalpropertyandequipment160,000$125,000$Totalassets315,000$289,700$*Percentroundedtoonedecimalpoint.Slide8-5CLOVERCORPORATIONComparativeBalanceSheetsDecember31,20032002DollarChangePercentChange*AssetsCurrentassets:Cashandequivalents12,000$23,500$(11,500)$?Accountsreceivable,net60,00040,000Inventory80,000100,000Prepaidexpenses3,0001,200Totalcurrentassets155,000$164,700$Propertyandequipment:Land40,00040,000Buildingsandequipment,net120,00085,000Totalpropertyandequipment160,000$125,000$Totalassets315,000$289,700$*Percentroundedtoonedecimalpoint.$12,000–$23,500=$(11,500)Slide8-6CLOVERCORPORATIONComparativeBalanceSheetsDecember31,20032002DollarChangePercentChange*AssetsCurrentassets:Cashandequivalents12,000$23,500$(11,500)$-48.9%Accountsreceivable,net60,00040,000Inventory80,000100,000Prepaidexpenses3,0001,200Totalcurrentassets155,000$164,700$Propertyandequipment:Land40,00040,000Buildingsandequipment,net120,00085,000Totalpropertyandequipment160,000$125,000$Totalassets315,000$289,700$*Percentroundedtoonedecimalpoint.($11,500÷$23,500)×100%=48.94%Completetheanalysisfortheotherassets.Slide8-7CLOVERCORPORATIONComparativeBalanceSheetsDecember31,20032002DollarChangePercentChange*AssetsCurrentassets:Cashandequivalents12,000$23,500$(11,500)$-48.9%Accountsreceivable,net60,00040,00020,00050.0%Inventory80,000100,000(20,000)-20.0%Prepaidexpenses3,0001,2001,800150.0%Totalcurrentassets155,000$164,700$(9,700)-5.9%Propertyandequipment:Land40,00040,000-0.0%Buildingsandequipment,net120,00085,00035,00041.2%Totalpropertyandequipment160,000$125,000$35,00028.0%Totalassets315,000$289,700$25,300$8.7%*Percentroundedtoonedecimalpoint.Slide8-81999isthebaseperiodsoitsamountswillequal100%.BerryProductsIncomeInformationFortheYearsEndedDecember31,Item20032002200120001999Revenues400,000$355,000$320,000$290,000$275,000$Costofsales285,000250,000225,000198,000190,000Grossprofit115,000105,00095,00092,00085,000Item20032002200120001999Revenues145%129%116%105%100%Costofsales150%132%118%104%100%Grossprofit135%124%112%108%100%(290,000275,000)100%=105%(198,000190,000)100%=104%(92,00085,000)100%=108%Slide8-9宝钢股份财务摘要截止日期2005-06-30每股净资产3.93元每股收益0.41元每股现金含量0.6811元每股资本公积金1.8617元固定资产合计89,091,283,692.20元流动资产合计54,679,770,134.85元资产总计150,231,705,739.15元长期负债合计23,485,705,887.38元主营业务收入49,115,144,808.84元财务费用256,532,689.86元净利润7,145,272,727.37元截止日期2005-03-31每股净资产3.59元每股收益0.25元每股现金含量0.4509元每股资本公积金0.9689元固定资产合计48,901,817,582.62元流动资产合计19,408,321,497.51元资产总计68,662,896,945.00元长期负债合计8,363,602,426.67元主营业务收入17,787,606,116.48元财务费用49,799,889.14元净利润3,072,939,241.13元Slide8-10公司由于收购使得资产负债各项目余额均发生了较大变化，其中：存货较年初上升了264.51亿元，主要是由于收购后公司规模扩大，产业链拉长，且收购的贸易业公司为满足市场营销和流转的需要备货较多所致，而年初原燃料价格上涨拉升了存货价格，也使得存货余额较年初上升；应收款项较年初上升了24.46亿元，而应收款项周转天数较年初下降8天；长短借款合计较年初上升317.8亿元，主要是收购后公司规模扩大及收购的贸易业公司负债比率较高所致。公司应进一步加强资产管理，不断提高资产的使用效率，并有效发挥财务杠杆作用，使公司财务结构保持合理的水平。Slide8-11用于判别财务报表中各项目的相对影响。结构比率100%单个项目金额基数=×财务报表基数资产负债表总资产利润表收入二、结构分析ComponentPercentagesSlide8-12CLOVERCORPORATIONComparativeBalanceSheetsDecember31,Common-sizePercents*2003200220032002AssetsCurrentassets:Cashandequivalents12,000$23,500$3.8%8.1%Accountsreceivable,net60,00040,000Inventory80,000100,000Prepaidexpenses3,0001,200Totalcurrentassets155,000$164,700$Propertyandequipment:Land40,00040,000Buildingsandequipment,net120,00085,000Totalpropertyandequipment160,000$125,000$Totalassets315,000$289,700$100.0%100.0%*Percentroundedtofirstdecimalpoint.Completethecommon-sizeanalysisfortheotherassets.($12,000÷$315,000)×100%=3.8%($23,500÷$289,700)×100%=8.1%13-12Slide8-13CLOVERCORPORATIONComparativeBalanceSheetsDecember31,Common-sizePercents*2003200220032002AssetsCurrentassets:Cashandequivalents12,000$23,500$3.8%8.1%Accountsreceivable,net60,00040,00019.0%13.8%Inventory80,000100,00025.4%34.5%Prepaidexpenses3,0001,2001.0%0.4%Totalcurrentassets155,000$164,700$49.2%56.9%Propertyandequipment:Land40,00040,00012.7%13.8%Buildingsandequipment,net120,00085,00038.1%29.3%Totalpropertyandequipment160,000$125,000$50.8%43.1%Totalassets315,000$289,700$100.0%100.0%*Percentroundedtofirstdecimalpoint.13-13Slide8-14CLOVERCORPORATIONComparativeBalanceSheetsDecember31,Common-sizePercents*2003200220032002LiabilitiesandShareholders'EquityCurrentliabilities:Accountspayable67,000$44,000$Notespayable3,0006,000Totalcurrentliabilities70,000$50,000$Long-termliabilities:Bondspayable,8%75,00080,000Totalliabilities145,000$130,000$Shareholders'equity:Preferredstock20,00020,000Commonstock60,00060,000Additionalpaid-incapital10,00010,000Totalpaid-incapital90,000$90,000$Retainedearnings80,00069,700Totalsha