中国合同法英文

©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,20041LeRoyH.GrawEdD,DBA,C.P.M.,CPCM,CPP,CPPM,CISCMChina’sContractLaw©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,20042Knowledge/Skill/Ability•BeabletowriteacontractpreparedunderChina’sContractLawwhenrequired.©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,20043Introduction•ContractLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC)waspromulgatedonNationalDay,October1st,1999•Itreplacedahostofexistinglaws,including:1.EconomicContractLawofthePRC(ECL)2.LawofthePRConEconomicContractsinvolvingForeignInterests(FECL)3.LawofthePRConTechnologyContracts•Contains23Chapterand428Articles©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,20044Background•ThenewPRCContractLawmirrorsprovisionsoftheU.N.ConventionontheInternationalSaleofGoods(CISG),someideasoftheUniformCommercialCode,andsomemoderntrendsinWesternlaw.•Italsoremovespunitiveprovisionsofpriorlaw,providesforremediesforbreach,contemplatesspecificperformance,andfrownsonpenaltyclausesnotrelatedtoactuallosses.©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,20045DefinitionofaContract•Article2ofthenewContractLawprovidesthatacontractinthisLawreferstoanagreementestablishing,modifyingandterminatingthecivilrightsandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting.•Acontractisanagreementbetweenthesubjects,nomattertheyarenaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizations.•Acontractisanagreementofcivilrelationshipbeingconcludedandsignedbyandbetweenspecificcivilsubjects,thatis,byandbetweentwoormorenaturalpersons,byandbetweennaturalperson(s)andlegalperson(s)orotherorganization(s),byandbetweenlegalpersons,byandbetweenlegalperson(s)andotherorganization(s).©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,20046©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,20047ScopeoftheNewLawExcluded:1.Contractsinvolvingpersonalstatusrelationship,suchasonmatrimony,adoption,guardianship,etc.,undertheprovisionsofotherlaws.2.Contractsforguaranteeorforinsurance.3.Othercontractsnotcoveredinthe“SpecificProvisions”.Allcontractsmustfollowthe“GeneralProvisions”ofthenewcontractlaw,eventhoughthereareseparatelawscoveringthesecontracttypes.©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,20048ScopeoftheNewLawIncluded:•Otherthanthoseexcluded,domesticcontractsandforeigncontractswhichinvolveforeigninterests.•15specifically-listedkindsofcontractsfoundintheSpecificProvisions.Theseinclude:•contractsforsales•contractsforsupplyanduseofelectricity,water,gasorheating•contractsfordonation•contractsforloans•contractsforlease•contractsforfinanciallease•contractsforwork•contractsforconstructionprojects•contractsfortransportation•contractsfortechnology•contractsforstorage•contractsforwarehousing•contractsforcommission•contractsforbrokerage•contractsforintermediation.©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,20049WhatisIncluded?Article12Thecontentofacontractisdeterminedbythepartiesandgenerallyincludesthefollowingclauses:•(1)designationsornamesandaddressesoftheparties;•(2)thetargetedmatter;•(3)quantity•(4)quality;•(5)priceorremuneration;•(6)time,placeandmodeoffulfillment;•(7)liabilityforbreachofcontract;and•(8)disputesettlement.©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,200410SpecificPointsOralcontractsallowed.Bindingcontractsmaybewrittenororal,unlesslimitedbyagreementorlaw.SimilartotheCISG.UnliketheUCC,whichlimitsoralcontractsto$5,000.©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,200411SpecificPointsRecognitionofmoderntransactionmodes.Electronicallytransmittedcommunications(telegram,telex,facsimile,electronicdatainterchangeande-mail)constitutewritingsforpurposesofcontractlaw.©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,200412SpecificPointsGoodfaithinnegotiatingandperforming.Apartywho,inthenegotiatingprocess,deliberatelyconcealsimportantfactsorpretendstoconcludeacontractmaybeliableforcausinglosstotheotherparty.Goodfaithisrequiredintheperformanceofcontractualrightsandduties.©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,200413SpecificPointsGroundsforrevocation/modification.Whereseriousmisunderstandingliesatthebaseofthecontract,orwherethecontractismanifestlyunfairatthetimeitwasmade,apartymayseekmodificationorrevocation.©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,200414SpecificPointsBusinesssecretsprotected.Apartywholearnsabusinesssecretoftheotherinthecontractingprocessrisksdamagesfordisclosingorunfairlyusingtheinformation.©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,200415SpecificPointsAdhesionandStandardFormContracts.AkintoconsumerprotectionmeasuresinU.S.law,thenewlawinvalidatesclausesthatpurporttoimmunizeapartyfrom,interalia,causingpersonalinjuryorpropertydamagetotheother.©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,200416SpecificPointsRulesofInterpretation.Incaseofdisputes,standardizedcontractswillbeinterpretedaccordingtogeneralunderstanding,andambiguitiesshallberesolvedinfavorofthenon-draftingparty.Whereinternationalcontractsspecify,forexample,thatboththeChineseandEnglishversionswillhaveequalvalidity,disparatemeaningsshallbeinterpretedaccordingtothepurposeofthecontract.©AMERICANCERTIFICATIONINSTITUTE,200417SpecificPointsOfferandAcceptance.Incontrasttopriorlaw,fairlydetailedrulesnowgovernofferandacceptance,formationandrevocationofoffers.Forexample,anacceptanceisgenerallyeffectivewhennoticereachestheofferor.©AMERICANCER