短文改错解题技巧

1高考英语短文改错解题技巧一、短文改错常见考点设置：（1）名词命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数；本来用单数，却用复数。改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.1.Shesaidthatsheandmyschoolmateallwishedmesuccess.（schoolmate改为schoolmates）2.Afterclasswebecomestrangeratonce.（stranger改为strangers）3.TheywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatI’llgetmarksinallmysubject.（subject改为subjects）4.OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.（picture改为pictures）5.Thereareadvantageforstudentstoworkwhilestudyingatschool.（advantage改为advantages）6.NowwecangetmillionsofinformationsfromtheInternet.(informations去掉s)7.Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.（ideas改为idea）8.Sheisoneofthemostintelligentgirlinourclass.(girl改为girls)9.Ilookedathisotherhands.（hands改为hand）10.Mostofthemarepeasantandsomeoftengofishinginthesea.(peasant改为peasants)11.WehavemadegreatprogresseswithMr.Liuteachingus.(progresses去掉es)12.Whatafineweatheritistoday!(去掉a)（2）代词命题特点：1.男女性代词用反；2.单数指代复数；3.代词词性用错；4.缺少人称代词。改正方法:根据上下文的逻辑关系以及人称代词的数和格的一致问题.1.Roseissuchakindgirlthatwealllikehimverymuch.(him改为her)2.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.(his改为their)3.Ihaveagoodfriendwho’snameisLiuMei.(who’s改为whose)4.Itwasaboutnoonwhenwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.Thethreeofthemwereveryexcited.（them改为us）5.SoonIbegantoenjoytalkingtomyselfasIwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.（me改为myself）6.Mystorybookismuchmoreinterestingthanher.(her改为hers)7.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.（showed后加it）8.Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.（our改为their）9.DoyouthinknecessaryforyoutolearnJapanesewell?(think后加it)（3）介词命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如talk,,serve,wait等。4）对是否是及物动词判断错误。如果动词是及物动词，其后直接接宾语，不需要介词，如果有介词，那就是介词的多余，出现错误。而不及物动词不可以直接接宾语，如果宾语需借助恰当的介词，要是缺少了这个介词，就会出现错误。记住：介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲。1.Wedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.（去掉about或在后加it）22.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.（去掉at）3.Thepatientsaretakengoodcarewellinthenursinghome.(care后加of)4.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.（去掉was后的in）5.Finallytheyfoundahoteltostay.（stay后加at）6.We’lltalkwithourplanfortheweekendoverdinner.（with改为about）7.Iamwritingtothankyouwithyourkindhelp.（with改为for）8.Hewaslookingforaglassthecupboard.（glass后加in）9.Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice.(去掉with)（4）时态、语态错误命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时；或者通常整篇都是现在，突然一个句子用过去时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。语态错误主要包括主动语态与被动语态的错用以及不及物动词用了被动语态。1.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatIcanmakegreatprogress.（did改为do）2.Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcame.（passes改为passed）3.Shelikeditverymuchandreadsittotheclass.（reads改为read）4.Idon’tknowthattheydon’tliketotalkwithme.Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass.（talked改为talk）5.Iwillwriteagainandsendyouthephotoswetaketogether.（take改为took）6.WehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinaB&Bhotelbefore.（have改为had）7.Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.（visiting改为visited）（5）副词或并列连词逻辑意义错误（and/but/or/so误用及前后不一致）指的是依据上下文或者全篇文章的语境判断，该词的逻辑意义不符合该处的语境，如表转折关系的用了并列关系的词，表结果的用了表原因的词等这类错误。命题特点：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。改正方法；1）根据句意确定错误；2）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。1.Sheissmilingatmebutnoddingatme.（but改为and）2.Itlooksasifmyparentstreatmeasavisitorandaguest.（and改为or）3.Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood.（and改为but）4.Icameintothelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbutturnonthelight.（but改为and）5.Hurryup,andyouwillmissthefirstbus.（and改为or或otherwise）6.Sheworkedhard,andshewasadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.(and改为so)7.Manypeasantsowntheirair-conditionersbutsomeevenhavetheirowncars.(but改为and)（6）从句连词命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或连接词是否得当等。1.Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.（noon后加when）32.Idon’tknowthattheydon’tliketotalkwithme.（that改为why）3.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateeverythingintoEnglish.（去掉that前的in）4.Whatinterestedusmostwaswhathegavehislessonslivelyandinteresting.(第二个what改为that)5.Theydidnotwantbreakfastbecausethattheyweregoingoutearlyinthemorning.（去掉that）6.Thatshesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeveryoneintheroom.(that改为what)7.Hecameouttoseethatwashappeningoutsideinthestreet.(that改为what)（7）冠词命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词：定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节、月份、星期、球类、三餐、称呼或头衔等前不能加the却加了the,same等常和the一起使用的词漏掉了the；可数名词的单数形式前面没有冠词或其他限定词。1.Aseveryoneknows,it’sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.（famous前加a）2.Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudysky.(sky前加the)3.Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,but---（a改为the）4.OnThursdayIwillhavetodecidewhatIwanttodooveraweekend.（a改为the）5.RosecomesfromanEuropeancountrybutshecanspeakChinese.(an改为a)6.Allofusthinkitisabadweatheritistoday.(去掉a)7.Ihopeyou’vehadpleasantjourneyhome（had后加a）8.WeallthinkBettyisahonestgirl.(a改为an)9.Uptonowabout8astronautshaswalkedinthespace.(去掉the)10.WiththehelpofMr.LiIhavemadeagreatprogress.(去掉a)（8）形容词和副词命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）形容词或副词形式的错用：该用形容词的形式却用了副词的形式，或者该用副词的形式却用了形容词的形式；2）形容词或副词级别的错用：指该用形容词或副词的比较级或最高级