名词性从句讲解及练习

学习必备欢迎下载Grammar(1)名词性从句在复合句中起到名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的词有：连词that，whether，if；连接代词和连接副词what,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why，how等。名词性从句可以表示两方面：一个事实，一个问题。问题又分两方面即一般问句和特殊问句，请看下图：一、主语从句就是做主语的从句。它由that和其他疑问词引导。1．Thattheyarerichistrue,isn'tit?(that不能省略)2．Wherehegotitisunknowntous.3．Theylosttheirwayinthewoods,andwhatmademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall.4．Whoeversaidthatwaswrong.5．____________________________________________(地球围绕太阳转)isatruth.6．_____________________(任何努力学习的人)willpasstheexam.7．_____________________(我所告诉你的)justnowwaswhathadbeenwrittenintheletter.8．________________________________________________(我是接受礼物还是拒绝它)isnoneofyourbusiness.有时用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语从句移到后面。其句型有：a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessary/importantthat…有必要/重要的是……Itisobviousthat…很明显……b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat…从所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat…已决定……c.It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常识Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是……Itisafactthat…事实是……d.It+不及物动词+that-分句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……9.他没有想到Jack能够把这道题目做出来。Itdidn’toccurtohim____________________..学习必备欢迎下载10.真奇怪你这样说。Itisstrange_________________________________________.11.我们打电话时她刚巧不在。Ithappens___________________________________.12.他好象很害怕。Itseemed_________________________________________.13.英语正被接受为国际的语言，这是事实。Itisafact______________________________.14.他不能按时完成工作有关系吗？Doesitmatter_________________________________.二、表语从句是放在系动词后的名词性从句。15.Thatishowhedidit.Helooksasifheweretired.16.Theproblemremainsthatwecan'tgetsomanyrecorders.17.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.18.Shenzhenisnot________itwas10yearsago.Thepointis____wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.(A.thatB.whatC.whether)19.Hegothishighestmarksintheexam.Itwasall_____hehadworkedhard.(A.whyB.because)20.Goandgetyourcoat.Itis___youleftit.(A.thereB.therewhereC.where)21.Thereason_________________(他为何失败)is________hewastoocareless.22.______________(问题是)thatwehaven'tcollectedenoughmoneyfortheconcert.23.Cigarettescontainnicotine.Thatis__________________________(抽烟者所需要的).24.Myquestionis________________________(你是否已决定了)(可用if吗)25.Thisis_________________________________________(Mr.Smith曾经工作过的地方)三、宾语从句作动词或介词的宾语。26．Doyouknow_______________(何时何地)thefirstcarfactory__________(工厂建立)?27．________________(你认为谁)isthebestoneinyourclass?28．Healways_______________(考虑)________hecan_____________________(他怎样才能提高他的英语水平).29．Youcanwriteabout____________(无论什么)topicyoulike.30．Hemade___quiteclear_______hewouldn'tchangehismind.31．Youmaychoose____________________________(从剩下的东西中).32．Idon'tdoubt________myfriendJohnwillcometoChinasoon.33．Idoubt__________hewillcomeornot.34．Idon'tthink_____truethathecametotheconcertyesterday.35．Ithinkheisadishonestman,_________(反义疑问句)?注：(1)主句的谓语是make,find,see,hear等，而且带有复合宾语时，可把宾语从句放在宾补之后，用it作形式宾语。(2)某些adj.如sure,happy,glad,certain等，以及一些非谓语动词之后可带宾从。(3)主句的谓语动词如果是现在时或将来时,宾语从句的谓语动词可以不受限制.主句的谓语动词如果是过去时,则宾语从句的谓语动词通常必须用过去的各种时态,这叫时态的一致性.但有两种情况不受事态一致性的约束,即宾语从句中有具体的时间或讲述的内容是真理、客观事实。学习必备欢迎下载36.Shetoldherpupilsthattheearthisround.(不用was)四、同位语从句跟在名词的后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。可带同位语从句的名词是一些可加进具体内容的表示信息，思想等概念的名词，如fact,news,idea,promise,truth,story等。注：同位语从句与前面的名词是等同关系。连接词有that和其它疑问词，that在句中不做成分，不能省略。TranslatetheunderlinedsectionintoChinese:37.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonencouragesus.38.Imadeapromisethatifanyonesetmefree,Iwouldmakehimveryrich.39.Theyaretryingtoreducethepatient'sfearthathewoulddieofthedisease.40.WordcamethatourvolleyballteambeattheJapaneseteam.41.Doyouhaveanyhopethattheywillcome?42.Ihavenoideahowdisabledpeopleearntheirliving.Grammar(2)一、名词性从句中的几个重要问题：1．连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if（不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which连接副词：when,where,how,why2.不可省略连词的情况：1)介词后的连词2)引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。3比较：whether与if均为是否的意思。在下列情况下，whether不能被if取代：1)whether引导主语从句并在句首。在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时，whether和if都能引导主语从句，否则，也只能用whether；2)引导表语从句；3)引导同位语从句；4)引导介词宾语从句；5）引导让步状语从句；6)后面紧接“ornot”或动词不定式.4.比较名词性that-从句与名词性what-从句1）名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。主语：Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.宾语：JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.表语：Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.同位语：Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.形容词宾语：Iamgladthatyouaresatisfiedwithyourjob.2）名词性wh-从句。wh-词包括who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词。wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。wh-词在从句中担当成分主语：Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.（how在从句中作______语）直接宾语：Inone’sownhomeonecandowhatonelikes.（what在从句中作______语）间接宾语：Theclubwillgivewhoeverwinsaprize.（whoever在从句中作______语）表语：MyquestioniswhowilltakeoverpresidentoftheFoundation.宾语补足语：Shewillnamehimwhatevershewantsto.（whatever在从句中作_____语）同位语：Ihavenoideawhenhewillreturn.形容词宾语：I’mnotsurewhysherefusedtheirinvitation.（why在从句中作______语）介词宾语：Thatdependsonwhereweshallgo.6．名词性从句中的否定的转移：1）将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。学习必备欢迎下载Idon'tthinkIknowyou.Idon'tbelievehewillcome.注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。Ihopeyouweren'till.2）将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.Itdo