国际音标第一讲之单元音

英语音标教学第一讲主讲人：文芹为什么要学习音标？Askandanswer音标的作用？音标的家简写正规[以天为棚以地为席]只闻其声，未见其人12个单元音音标：[i:][i][ə:][ə][ʊ:][ʊ][ɔ:][ɔ][e][æ][ɑ:][Λ]8个双元音音标：[eɪ][ɑɪ][əʊ][ɑʊ][ɔɪ][ɪə][eə][ʊə]•16个普通辅音音标：[b][d][f][g][h][k][l][m][n][p][r][s][t][v][w][z]•12个特殊辅音音标：[z][∫][з][h][w][j][t∫][dз][ts][dz][tr][dr]音标的分类•元音vowel和辅音consonant的定义：•发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。•不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。•发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。•发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。音标的书写格式[i:]•发音要诀：舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭尽量抬起，上下唇以及齿靠近但不接触。舌头与唇肌拉紧将这个音发出并且拉长。嘴唇向两边张开成微笑状。•发出该音的字母以及组合:eeeea•he,she,me,we,be,•see,three,free,tree,sweet,•ice-cream,peach,tea,eatmeat,teacher,beach,•key,单元音[i:]/i:/[i]•发音要诀：舌前部向硬腭抬起，放在上下齿之间，比发长元音时稍低，嘴唇张开，放松，舌头不必紧绷，尽力将音发的短而且清晰。•发该音的字母及字母组合：ie•cinema,music,in,picture,live,with,visit,sing,sit,family,him,•party,any,copy,•eleven,/i/Compare1.it--eat2.live—leave3.fill—feel4.seat—sit5.tree—trip6.bit—bee7.sheep—ship8.live—leave9.street—strict[ə:]•发音要诀：这个发音在口的中间位置完成。舌侧触及牙齿，舌的中间部位向下靠近下颚，舌片及舌尖卷曲使得尾音儿化。它是重读音标。•发该音的字母及字母组合：erirurearor•bird,girl,shirt,birthday,third,circle,thirsty,thirteen,thirty,sir,first,•hamburger,turn,nurse,Thursday,purple,/з:/[ə]•发音要诀：这个发音在口的中间位置完成。舌侧触及牙齿，舌的中间部位向下靠近下颚，它是非重读音标。•发该音的字母及字母组合：aoeiure•an,about,cinemapanda,sofa,China,•today,violin,Theshoppingcenterisbiggerandbrighterthanthemallnearthetailor/ə/•sweater,father,tiger,mother,sister,water,dinner,driver,after•doctor,actor•grammar/ə/总结前四个音标•发[i:]的字母以及组合:eeeea•发[i]的字母及字母组合：ie•发[ə:]的字母及字母组合：erirurearor•发[ə]的字母及字母组合：aoeiure[ʊ:]•发音要诀：将舌根抬起并且紧绷，舌尖离开下齿，嘴唇呈圆形，双唇收圆稍向前突出。•发该音的字母及字母组合：uooui•do,to,who,•too,room,moon,zoo,cool,noodles,food,•ruler,July,June•shoe,/u:/•you,group,•fruit,juice,•blue,true,•two,Cool,cool,cool,youlooksocool,Intheswimmingpool./u:/[ʊ]•发音要诀：舌根稍微抬起，舌尖离开下齿，舌头放松，嘴唇略圆。它的发音舌位要比长元音[ʊ:]低。•发该音的字母及字母组合：uoo•book,good,look,cook,foot,•should•moveMr.Foodisagoodcook.Cook!Cook！Cook！Whereisthebook?/ʊ/Compare1.pool--pull2.fool—full3.food—foot4.boot—book5.cool—could[e]•舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍微抬起，嘴不要张太大，上下齿间距宁可偏小。•发该音的字母及字母组合：eea•pen,bed,desk,egg,twelve,yellow,them,better,then,very,well,•head,ready,•many,any/e/[æ]•发音要诀：双唇向两旁平伸，成扁平形，舌尖抵下齿，上下齿之间可容纳食指和中指。发音时舌位低，不与上齿接触，发出的音悦耳动听。•发该音的字母及字母组合：aapple,black,can,cat,hat,have,sandwich,at,fan,grandma,happy,panda,rabbit,thankAfatcatiscatchingafatrat./æ/Compare1.bet--bat2.pat—pet3.bag—beg4.neck--lack5.bad—bed6.dad—dead[Λ]•发音要诀：舌头后部的靠前部分稍微抬起，舌尖和舌端两侧触及下齿。双唇向两旁平伸。•发该音的字母及字母组合：oou•cup,bus,but,mum,lunch,run,study,sun,us,Sunday,hurry,uncleduck,jump,club,funny,up,/ʌ/•come,monkey,mother,some,love,son,worry,Monday,•touch,Fatherandsonhavefun,flyingtheirkiteinthesun./ʌ/Compare1.cut--cart2.luck—lark3.duck—dark4.tough—task5.mud—mark6.bus—bath7.far—fun8.shut—shark[ɑ:]•发音要诀：舌头置于口腔底部，口腔完全张开，但是不成圆形。•发该音的字母及字母组合：aal•glass,class,afternoon,father,banana,ask,half,•market,car,party,bar,farm,arm,star,March,•laughWherecanIparkthecar?/α:/[ɔ]•发音要诀：舌头置于口腔底部，口腔完全张开，但是不成圆形。然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩。•发该音的字母及字母组合：aal•dog,copy,doll,hot,got,box,long,not,on,coffee,office,song,wrong,of,pot,song,•wash,was,wantShebuysadogandabox,andputsthedoginthebox./ɒ/[ɔ:]•发音要诀：舌头置于口腔底部，口腔完全张开，但是不成圆形。然后将舌身再稍稍向后缩。舌后部比短元音[ɔ]抬的稍高。双唇也收的更圆更小。•发该音的字母及字母组合:auoreouroaroorawor•all,ball,small,wall,call,always,walk,•or,for,forty,morning,short,horse,/ɔ:/Compare1.pot--port2.lot—lord3.not—north4.fox—fork5.shot—short6.wok—walk7.spot—sport8.cock—caughtSummary[α:][Λ][כ:][כ][u:][u][i:][i][e][æ]前元音后元音[ə：][ə]中元音Thankyou!